Development of fatty acid analogues with potent anabolic effects on bone in male mice

Natural fatty acids are inhibitory to osteoclastogenesis, but only mildly so, as reported earlier by our and other groups. To improve the potency, we have synthesized two categories of analogues based on the backbone of saturated palmitic acid by inserting an ether or a triazole group in the carbon...

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Main Authors: Jian-ming Lin, Ivo Dimitrov, Karen E. Callon, Maureen Watson, Ian R. Reid, William A. Denny, Jillian Cornish
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Bone Reports
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352187225000397
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author Jian-ming Lin
Ivo Dimitrov
Karen E. Callon
Maureen Watson
Ian R. Reid
William A. Denny
Jillian Cornish
author_facet Jian-ming Lin
Ivo Dimitrov
Karen E. Callon
Maureen Watson
Ian R. Reid
William A. Denny
Jillian Cornish
author_sort Jian-ming Lin
collection DOAJ
description Natural fatty acids are inhibitory to osteoclastogenesis, but only mildly so, as reported earlier by our and other groups. To improve the potency, we have synthesized two categories of analogues based on the backbone of saturated palmitic acid by inserting an ether or a triazole group in the carbon chain. The most effective compound proved to be with a triazole moiety farthest away from the acid unit. Following this strategy, we now have developed even more potent molecules, methylated triazole and tetrazole analogues. Tetrazole analogue displays about 10-fold higher inhibitory activity over the natural counterpart as tested in the osteoclastogenesis assay using mouse bone marrow cell cultures. Importantly, this inhibition is not due to cytotoxicity as both the methylated triazole and tetrazole molecules slightly increase the viability of bone marrow cells. It was found that the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by the tetrazole analogue in mouse bone marrow cultures is associated with the decreased expression of the key osteoclastogenic or osteoclastic marker genes: Dcstamp, Nfatc1, Tnfa, Trap and Ctsk. The best analogue-tetrazole was then tested in vivo in a mouse calvarial local injection model after being solubilized by (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The results show that the tetrazole at the daily dose of 40 μg/injection (along with 264 μg β-CD) significantly reduce TRAP surface, and significantly increased mineralizing surface/bone surface, mineral apposition rate and bone formation rate. This study provides a novel effective agent for inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and positively regulating bone homeostasis.
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spelling doaj-art-b51fc4d05475477fb1f7b72827502f5f2025-08-20T04:00:27ZengElsevierBone Reports2352-18722025-09-012610186210.1016/j.bonr.2025.101862Development of fatty acid analogues with potent anabolic effects on bone in male miceJian-ming Lin0Ivo Dimitrov1Karen E. Callon2Maureen Watson3Ian R. Reid4William A. Denny5Jillian Cornish6Department of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandAuckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandDepartment of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandDepartment of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandDepartment of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandAuckland Cancer Society Research Centre, School of Medical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New ZealandDepartment of Medicine, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Corresponding author.Natural fatty acids are inhibitory to osteoclastogenesis, but only mildly so, as reported earlier by our and other groups. To improve the potency, we have synthesized two categories of analogues based on the backbone of saturated palmitic acid by inserting an ether or a triazole group in the carbon chain. The most effective compound proved to be with a triazole moiety farthest away from the acid unit. Following this strategy, we now have developed even more potent molecules, methylated triazole and tetrazole analogues. Tetrazole analogue displays about 10-fold higher inhibitory activity over the natural counterpart as tested in the osteoclastogenesis assay using mouse bone marrow cell cultures. Importantly, this inhibition is not due to cytotoxicity as both the methylated triazole and tetrazole molecules slightly increase the viability of bone marrow cells. It was found that the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis by the tetrazole analogue in mouse bone marrow cultures is associated with the decreased expression of the key osteoclastogenic or osteoclastic marker genes: Dcstamp, Nfatc1, Tnfa, Trap and Ctsk. The best analogue-tetrazole was then tested in vivo in a mouse calvarial local injection model after being solubilized by (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The results show that the tetrazole at the daily dose of 40 μg/injection (along with 264 μg β-CD) significantly reduce TRAP surface, and significantly increased mineralizing surface/bone surface, mineral apposition rate and bone formation rate. This study provides a novel effective agent for inhibiting osteoclastogenesis and positively regulating bone homeostasis.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352187225000397Fatty acidAnaloguesOsteoclastOsteoblastBone resorptionBone formation
spellingShingle Jian-ming Lin
Ivo Dimitrov
Karen E. Callon
Maureen Watson
Ian R. Reid
William A. Denny
Jillian Cornish
Development of fatty acid analogues with potent anabolic effects on bone in male mice
Bone Reports
Fatty acid
Analogues
Osteoclast
Osteoblast
Bone resorption
Bone formation
title Development of fatty acid analogues with potent anabolic effects on bone in male mice
title_full Development of fatty acid analogues with potent anabolic effects on bone in male mice
title_fullStr Development of fatty acid analogues with potent anabolic effects on bone in male mice
title_full_unstemmed Development of fatty acid analogues with potent anabolic effects on bone in male mice
title_short Development of fatty acid analogues with potent anabolic effects on bone in male mice
title_sort development of fatty acid analogues with potent anabolic effects on bone in male mice
topic Fatty acid
Analogues
Osteoclast
Osteoblast
Bone resorption
Bone formation
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352187225000397
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