Anomaly Sign Detection for Automatic Ticket Gates by the Histogram Limitation Method

It is crucial to appropriately maintain automatic ticket gates (ATGs) to keep transportation operating smoothly in urban areas. Although the average failure rate of new ATGs is extremely low, continuous operation for many years might lead to unstable performance due to deterioration, and the need fo...

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Main Authors: Ken Ueno, Shigeru Maya, Kiyoku Endo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Prognostics and Health Management Society 2024-10-01
Series:International Journal of Prognostics and Health Management
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Online Access:https://papers.phmsociety.org/index.php/ijphm/article/view/3856
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author Ken Ueno
Shigeru Maya
Kiyoku Endo
author_facet Ken Ueno
Shigeru Maya
Kiyoku Endo
author_sort Ken Ueno
collection DOAJ
description It is crucial to appropriately maintain automatic ticket gates (ATGs) to keep transportation operating smoothly in urban areas. Although the average failure rate of new ATGs is extremely low, continuous operation for many years might lead to unstable performance due to deterioration, and the need for periodic maintenance to avoid fatal faults might halt operations for extended periods. To detect anomalies at an early stage, “anomaly signs” can be utilized to flag ATGs for maintenance by service engineers before anomalies occur. In addition, to minimize the cost of ATG monitoring, the necessary computing resources should be minimized, which means using only light-weight statistical methods rather than deep learning or machine learning. In this paper, we focus on the automatic separation modules inside ATGs that separate multiple tickets by complicated mechatronic controls because this module is the major cause of maintenance calls from station attendants. We propose a simple anomaly sign detection, called the histogram limitation method (HLM). We evaluated the anomaly sign scores over time with maintenance timing and compared them with the conventional fast unsupervised anomaly detection method, Histogram-Based Outlier Score (HBOS) widely used in various domains. The experimental results using real field ATG monitoring data show that HLM successfully detected anomaly signs before a maintenance call was necessary, which is better performance compared with HBOS. Despite being a simple modification based on HBOS, HLM also provides anomaly sign scores that agree adequately with assessments by maintenance service engineers.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2153-2648
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publisher The Prognostics and Health Management Society
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spelling doaj-art-b3e04e07c44d4073a348541fb54c46f12025-08-20T03:49:17ZengThe Prognostics and Health Management SocietyInternational Journal of Prognostics and Health Management2153-26482024-10-01153110https://doi.org/10.36001/ijphm.2024.v15i3.3856Anomaly Sign Detection for Automatic Ticket Gates by the Histogram Limitation MethodKen Ueno0Shigeru Maya1Kiyoku Endo2System AI Lab., Corporate R&D Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 212-8582, JapanSystem AI Lab., Corporate R&D Center, Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 212-8582, JapanToshiba Automation Systems Service Co., Ltd., Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-8541, JapanIt is crucial to appropriately maintain automatic ticket gates (ATGs) to keep transportation operating smoothly in urban areas. Although the average failure rate of new ATGs is extremely low, continuous operation for many years might lead to unstable performance due to deterioration, and the need for periodic maintenance to avoid fatal faults might halt operations for extended periods. To detect anomalies at an early stage, “anomaly signs” can be utilized to flag ATGs for maintenance by service engineers before anomalies occur. In addition, to minimize the cost of ATG monitoring, the necessary computing resources should be minimized, which means using only light-weight statistical methods rather than deep learning or machine learning. In this paper, we focus on the automatic separation modules inside ATGs that separate multiple tickets by complicated mechatronic controls because this module is the major cause of maintenance calls from station attendants. We propose a simple anomaly sign detection, called the histogram limitation method (HLM). We evaluated the anomaly sign scores over time with maintenance timing and compared them with the conventional fast unsupervised anomaly detection method, Histogram-Based Outlier Score (HBOS) widely used in various domains. The experimental results using real field ATG monitoring data show that HLM successfully detected anomaly signs before a maintenance call was necessary, which is better performance compared with HBOS. Despite being a simple modification based on HBOS, HLM also provides anomaly sign scores that agree adequately with assessments by maintenance service engineers.https://papers.phmsociety.org/index.php/ijphm/article/view/3856anomaly sign detectionhistogrammechatronicsautomatic ticket gatesfare collection systemrailway
spellingShingle Ken Ueno
Shigeru Maya
Kiyoku Endo
Anomaly Sign Detection for Automatic Ticket Gates by the Histogram Limitation Method
International Journal of Prognostics and Health Management
anomaly sign detection
histogram
mechatronics
automatic ticket gates
fare collection system
railway
title Anomaly Sign Detection for Automatic Ticket Gates by the Histogram Limitation Method
title_full Anomaly Sign Detection for Automatic Ticket Gates by the Histogram Limitation Method
title_fullStr Anomaly Sign Detection for Automatic Ticket Gates by the Histogram Limitation Method
title_full_unstemmed Anomaly Sign Detection for Automatic Ticket Gates by the Histogram Limitation Method
title_short Anomaly Sign Detection for Automatic Ticket Gates by the Histogram Limitation Method
title_sort anomaly sign detection for automatic ticket gates by the histogram limitation method
topic anomaly sign detection
histogram
mechatronics
automatic ticket gates
fare collection system
railway
url https://papers.phmsociety.org/index.php/ijphm/article/view/3856
work_keys_str_mv AT kenueno anomalysigndetectionforautomaticticketgatesbythehistogramlimitationmethod
AT shigerumaya anomalysigndetectionforautomaticticketgatesbythehistogramlimitationmethod
AT kiyokuendo anomalysigndetectionforautomaticticketgatesbythehistogramlimitationmethod