The effect of grade retention on performance in Spanish students: a propensity score matching approach
Abstract Background Grade retention is an educational aspect that concerns teachers, families, and experts. It implies an economic cost for families, as well as a personal cost for the student, who is forced to study one more year. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of course repe...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
SpringerOpen
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Large-scale Assessments in Education |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40536-025-00243-0 |
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