Experimental investigation and modelling of the nonlinear creep behaviour of additive-manufactured carbon fibre-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (CF-PET).
In this paper, the nonlinear creep behaviour of additive-manufactured carbon fibre-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (CF-PET) is characterised using experimental, theoretical and computational methods. The experimental approach investigates the influence of infill orientations on the creep defor...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2024-10-01
|
| Series: | Composites Part C: Open Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666682024000999 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1846136488984576000 |
|---|---|
| author | Silas Z. Gebrehiwot Leonardo Espinosa-Leal Paula Linderbäck Heikki Remes |
| author_facet | Silas Z. Gebrehiwot Leonardo Espinosa-Leal Paula Linderbäck Heikki Remes |
| author_sort | Silas Z. Gebrehiwot |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, the nonlinear creep behaviour of additive-manufactured carbon fibre-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (CF-PET) is characterised using experimental, theoretical and computational methods. The experimental approach investigates the influence of infill orientations on the creep deformation of the material. For the study, samples at 0°, 45○, and 90° infill orientations are produced with 90% infill density using fused filament fabrication (FFF). The infill orientation parameter highly influences the creep behaviour. Increasing the infill orientation from 0° to 90° monotonically improves the creep resistance of the material, which can be explained by orientation of the fibre-matrix reinforcement towards the uniaxial stresses. Surface examinations of creep-ruptured samples via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveal that a combination of matrix failure, fibre pull-out, fibre-matrix debonding, inter-layer debonding, and the presence of voids cause the fractures. Based on the experimental data, the primary and secondary creep responses are modelled theoretically and computationally. The theoretical model is based on the dependence of the material's creep on stress and time parameters at the transient and steady state stages. Combined stress and time functions are used to model the creep of the material. Parallelly, two-dimensional (2D) finite element (FE) analyses are made on COMSOL Multiphysics to model the creep computationally. The approach is based on the superposition of Norton's and Garofalo's creep models with predefined time hardening property. The results of the modelling are in good agreement with the experimental findings, showing a maximum of 1.04 % for the theoretical, and 2.9 % for the computational approaches. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-af967de4f4ec488a92f5de54c7cf8a0b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-6820 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Composites Part C: Open Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-af967de4f4ec488a92f5de54c7cf8a0b2024-12-09T04:28:19ZengElsevierComposites Part C: Open Access2666-68202024-10-0115100530Experimental investigation and modelling of the nonlinear creep behaviour of additive-manufactured carbon fibre-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (CF-PET).Silas Z. Gebrehiwot0Leonardo Espinosa-Leal1Paula Linderbäck2Heikki Remes3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University School of Engineering, Espoo, Finland; School of Engineering, Culture and Wellbeing, Arcada University of Applied Sciences, Helsinki, Finland; Corresponding author.Graduate School and Research, Arcada University of Applied Sciences, Helsinki, FinlandSchool of Engineering, Culture and Wellbeing, Arcada University of Applied Sciences, Helsinki, FinlandDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Aalto University School of Engineering, Espoo, FinlandIn this paper, the nonlinear creep behaviour of additive-manufactured carbon fibre-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (CF-PET) is characterised using experimental, theoretical and computational methods. The experimental approach investigates the influence of infill orientations on the creep deformation of the material. For the study, samples at 0°, 45○, and 90° infill orientations are produced with 90% infill density using fused filament fabrication (FFF). The infill orientation parameter highly influences the creep behaviour. Increasing the infill orientation from 0° to 90° monotonically improves the creep resistance of the material, which can be explained by orientation of the fibre-matrix reinforcement towards the uniaxial stresses. Surface examinations of creep-ruptured samples via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveal that a combination of matrix failure, fibre pull-out, fibre-matrix debonding, inter-layer debonding, and the presence of voids cause the fractures. Based on the experimental data, the primary and secondary creep responses are modelled theoretically and computationally. The theoretical model is based on the dependence of the material's creep on stress and time parameters at the transient and steady state stages. Combined stress and time functions are used to model the creep of the material. Parallelly, two-dimensional (2D) finite element (FE) analyses are made on COMSOL Multiphysics to model the creep computationally. The approach is based on the superposition of Norton's and Garofalo's creep models with predefined time hardening property. The results of the modelling are in good agreement with the experimental findings, showing a maximum of 1.04 % for the theoretical, and 2.9 % for the computational approaches.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666682024000999Creep strainCreep rateNonlinear modellingCreep ruptureFused filament fabrication |
| spellingShingle | Silas Z. Gebrehiwot Leonardo Espinosa-Leal Paula Linderbäck Heikki Remes Experimental investigation and modelling of the nonlinear creep behaviour of additive-manufactured carbon fibre-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (CF-PET). Composites Part C: Open Access Creep strain Creep rate Nonlinear modelling Creep rupture Fused filament fabrication |
| title | Experimental investigation and modelling of the nonlinear creep behaviour of additive-manufactured carbon fibre-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (CF-PET). |
| title_full | Experimental investigation and modelling of the nonlinear creep behaviour of additive-manufactured carbon fibre-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (CF-PET). |
| title_fullStr | Experimental investigation and modelling of the nonlinear creep behaviour of additive-manufactured carbon fibre-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (CF-PET). |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental investigation and modelling of the nonlinear creep behaviour of additive-manufactured carbon fibre-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (CF-PET). |
| title_short | Experimental investigation and modelling of the nonlinear creep behaviour of additive-manufactured carbon fibre-reinforced polyethylene terephthalate (CF-PET). |
| title_sort | experimental investigation and modelling of the nonlinear creep behaviour of additive manufactured carbon fibre reinforced polyethylene terephthalate cf pet |
| topic | Creep strain Creep rate Nonlinear modelling Creep rupture Fused filament fabrication |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666682024000999 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT silaszgebrehiwot experimentalinvestigationandmodellingofthenonlinearcreepbehaviourofadditivemanufacturedcarbonfibrereinforcedpolyethyleneterephthalatecfpet AT leonardoespinosaleal experimentalinvestigationandmodellingofthenonlinearcreepbehaviourofadditivemanufacturedcarbonfibrereinforcedpolyethyleneterephthalatecfpet AT paulalinderback experimentalinvestigationandmodellingofthenonlinearcreepbehaviourofadditivemanufacturedcarbonfibrereinforcedpolyethyleneterephthalatecfpet AT heikkiremes experimentalinvestigationandmodellingofthenonlinearcreepbehaviourofadditivemanufacturedcarbonfibrereinforcedpolyethyleneterephthalatecfpet |