Neutrophils Respond Selectively to Physical Cues: Roughness Modulates Its Granule Release, and NETosis

Our study examined how different titanium alloy Ti6Al4V (Ti64) and zirconia (ZrO<sub>2</sub>) surfaces, ranging from rough to very smooth, affect the expression of elastase (NE), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, MMP-9, and extracellular traps (NETs) by neutrophils. Discs of Ti64 and ZrO...

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Main Authors: Gayathiri Elangovan, Daniel J. Fernandes, Andrew Cameron, Souptik Basu, Joao Martins De Mello Neto, Peishan Jiang, Peter Reher, Stephen Hamlet, Carlos Marcelo S. Figueredo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of Functional Biomaterials
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4983/15/11/342
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Summary:Our study examined how different titanium alloy Ti6Al4V (Ti64) and zirconia (ZrO<sub>2</sub>) surfaces, ranging from rough to very smooth, affect the expression of elastase (NE), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8, MMP-9, and extracellular traps (NETs) by neutrophils. Discs of Ti64 and ZrO<sub>2</sub>, 10 mm in diameter and 1.5 mm thick, were created using diamond-impregnated polishing burs and paste to produce rough (Ra > 3 µm), smooth (Ra ≥ 1 to 1.5 µm), and very smooth (Ra < 0.1 µm) surfaces. Neutrophils from Wistar rats were cultured on these surfaces, and the culture supernatants were then examined for NE, MMP-8, and MMP-9 using ELISA. At the same time, NET formation was demonstrated immunohistochemically by staining neutrophils with CD16b and DNA with DAPI. Overall, the expressions of NE and MMP-8 were significantly higher from neutrophil culture on Ti64 and ZrO<sub>2</sub> rough surfaces compared to the very smooth surface (R > S > VS) after 2 h and 4 h of culture. The expression of MMP-9 also increased with culture time; however, no significant surface effects on expression were observed. Similarly, rough Ti64 and ZrO<sub>2</sub> surfaces (R & S) also showed significantly larger NET formation compared to the very smooth surface (VS) after 4 h and 8 h cultures. Our findings suggest that increasing surface roughness on Ti64 and ZrO<sub>2</sub> triggers higher NE, MMP-8, and NET formation secretion.
ISSN:2079-4983