Micro-vibration assisted dual-layer spiral microneedles to rapidly extract dermal interstitial fluid for minimally invasive detection of glucose
Abstract Various hydrogels have been explored to create minimally invasive microneedles (MNs) to extract interstitial fluid (ISF). However, current methods are time-consuming and typically require 10–15 min to extract 3–5 mg of ISF. This study introduces two spiral-shaped swellable MN arrays: one ma...
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Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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Format: | Article |
Language: | English |
Published: |
Nature Publishing Group
2025-01-01
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Series: | Microsystems & Nanoengineering |
Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41378-024-00850-x |
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