Temporal single-cell sequencing analysis reveals that GPNMB-expressing macrophages potentiate muscle regeneration

Abstract Macrophages play a crucial role in coordinating the skeletal muscle repair response, but their phenotypic diversity and the transition of specialized subsets to resolution-phase macrophages remain poorly understood. Here, to address this issue, we induced injury and performed single-cell RN...

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Main Authors: Yu-Fan Chen, Chien-Wei Lee, Yi-Shuan J. Li, Wei-Ting Lin, Hsiao-Yun Chen, Yu-Chuan Chen, Chia-Hao Lin, Jennifer Hui-Chun Ho, Li-Fan Lu, Shu Chien, Oscar Kuang-Sheng Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Publishing Group 2025-06-01
Series:Experimental and Molecular Medicine
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s12276-025-01467-4
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Summary:Abstract Macrophages play a crucial role in coordinating the skeletal muscle repair response, but their phenotypic diversity and the transition of specialized subsets to resolution-phase macrophages remain poorly understood. Here, to address this issue, we induced injury and performed single-cell RNA sequencing on individual cells in skeletal muscle at different time points. Our analysis revealed a distinct macrophage subset that expressed high levels of Gpnmb and that coexpressed critical factors involved in macrophage-mediated muscle regeneration, including Igf1, Mertk and Nr1h3. Gpnmb gene knockout inhibited macrophage-mediated efferocytosis and impaired skeletal muscle regeneration. Functional studies demonstrated that GPNMB acts directly on muscle cells in vitro and improves muscle regeneration in vivo. These findings provide a comprehensive transcriptomic atlas of macrophages during muscle injury, highlighting the key role of the GPNMB macrophage subset in regenerative processes. Our findings suggest that modulating GPNMB signaling in macrophages may represent a promising avenue for future research into therapeutic strategies for enhancing skeletal muscle regeneration.
ISSN:2092-6413