New fruit waste-derived activated carbons of high adsorption performance towards metal, metalloid, and polymer species in multicomponent systems
Abstract The main aim of the study was to develop new fruit waste-derived activated carbons of high adsorption performance towards metals, metalloids, and polymers by the use of carbon dioxide (CO2)-consuming, microwave-assisted activation. The authors compared morphology, surface chemistry, textura...
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| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85409-0 |
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| author | Sylwia Kukowska Piotr Nowicki Katarzyna Szewczuk-Karpisz |
| author_facet | Sylwia Kukowska Piotr Nowicki Katarzyna Szewczuk-Karpisz |
| author_sort | Sylwia Kukowska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The main aim of the study was to develop new fruit waste-derived activated carbons of high adsorption performance towards metals, metalloids, and polymers by the use of carbon dioxide (CO2)-consuming, microwave-assisted activation. The authors compared morphology, surface chemistry, textural parameters, and elemental composition of precursors (chokeberry seeds, black currant seeds, orange peels), as well as biochars (BCs) and activated carbons (ACs) obtained from them. The adsorption mechanisms of metals (copper, cadmium), metalloids (arsenic, selenium), and macromolecular compounds (bacterial exopolysaccharide, ionic polyacrylamides) on the surface of selected materials were investigated in one- and two-component systems. Consequently, the capacities of BCs and ACs prepared through direct/indirect physical activation, using conventional/microwave heating were determined. It was noted that microwave heating favoured surface development and thus enhanced adsorbent ability to bind ions or macromolecules. Direct biomass activation led to higher microporosity compared to indirect (two-stage) one, whilst CO2-consuming activation increased aromaticity and hydrophobicity of the solids. In the two-component systems, polymers could favour metal/metalloid adsorption based on complexation phenomena. However, the most efficient and environmentally safe activated carbon turned out to be the one obtained from orange peels by microwave-assisted, direct activation at 800 °C in the CO2 atmosphere. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-aa63a08f3160462d8265606c8ce5b336 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-aa63a08f3160462d8265606c8ce5b3362025-01-12T12:24:39ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-0115112210.1038/s41598-025-85409-0New fruit waste-derived activated carbons of high adsorption performance towards metal, metalloid, and polymer species in multicomponent systemsSylwia Kukowska0Piotr Nowicki1Katarzyna Szewczuk-Karpisz2Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of SciencesDepartment of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in PoznańInstitute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of SciencesAbstract The main aim of the study was to develop new fruit waste-derived activated carbons of high adsorption performance towards metals, metalloids, and polymers by the use of carbon dioxide (CO2)-consuming, microwave-assisted activation. The authors compared morphology, surface chemistry, textural parameters, and elemental composition of precursors (chokeberry seeds, black currant seeds, orange peels), as well as biochars (BCs) and activated carbons (ACs) obtained from them. The adsorption mechanisms of metals (copper, cadmium), metalloids (arsenic, selenium), and macromolecular compounds (bacterial exopolysaccharide, ionic polyacrylamides) on the surface of selected materials were investigated in one- and two-component systems. Consequently, the capacities of BCs and ACs prepared through direct/indirect physical activation, using conventional/microwave heating were determined. It was noted that microwave heating favoured surface development and thus enhanced adsorbent ability to bind ions or macromolecules. Direct biomass activation led to higher microporosity compared to indirect (two-stage) one, whilst CO2-consuming activation increased aromaticity and hydrophobicity of the solids. In the two-component systems, polymers could favour metal/metalloid adsorption based on complexation phenomena. However, the most efficient and environmentally safe activated carbon turned out to be the one obtained from orange peels by microwave-assisted, direct activation at 800 °C in the CO2 atmosphere.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85409-0Direct/indirect physical activationConventional/microwave heatingAdsorptionPolymersPollutantsWaste management |
| spellingShingle | Sylwia Kukowska Piotr Nowicki Katarzyna Szewczuk-Karpisz New fruit waste-derived activated carbons of high adsorption performance towards metal, metalloid, and polymer species in multicomponent systems Scientific Reports Direct/indirect physical activation Conventional/microwave heating Adsorption Polymers Pollutants Waste management |
| title | New fruit waste-derived activated carbons of high adsorption performance towards metal, metalloid, and polymer species in multicomponent systems |
| title_full | New fruit waste-derived activated carbons of high adsorption performance towards metal, metalloid, and polymer species in multicomponent systems |
| title_fullStr | New fruit waste-derived activated carbons of high adsorption performance towards metal, metalloid, and polymer species in multicomponent systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | New fruit waste-derived activated carbons of high adsorption performance towards metal, metalloid, and polymer species in multicomponent systems |
| title_short | New fruit waste-derived activated carbons of high adsorption performance towards metal, metalloid, and polymer species in multicomponent systems |
| title_sort | new fruit waste derived activated carbons of high adsorption performance towards metal metalloid and polymer species in multicomponent systems |
| topic | Direct/indirect physical activation Conventional/microwave heating Adsorption Polymers Pollutants Waste management |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85409-0 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sylwiakukowska newfruitwastederivedactivatedcarbonsofhighadsorptionperformancetowardsmetalmetalloidandpolymerspeciesinmulticomponentsystems AT piotrnowicki newfruitwastederivedactivatedcarbonsofhighadsorptionperformancetowardsmetalmetalloidandpolymerspeciesinmulticomponentsystems AT katarzynaszewczukkarpisz newfruitwastederivedactivatedcarbonsofhighadsorptionperformancetowardsmetalmetalloidandpolymerspeciesinmulticomponentsystems |