A risk-based preoperative evaluation method and management strategy for removing intrauterine contraceptive devices in postmenopausal women

BackgroundA large population of women have intrauterine contractive devices (IUCDs) as a result of China’s national family planning policy; this has created a significant economic burden and raised technological challenges related to the safe removal of IUCDs in postmenopausal women. It is very impo...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zijun Li, Yaqin Zheng, Min Liu, Linlin Pan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Reproductive Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frph.2025.1576265/full
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