“Non-Markovian” and “directional” errors inhibit scientific self-correction and can lead fields of study astray: an illustration using gardening and obesity-related outcomes

Abstract Herein we coin the terms non-Markovian error and biased Markovian error to describe categories of scientific errors for which general progress within a field of study may be unlikely to result in scientific self-correction. We provide examples of such errors and show their impact on studies...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jon Agley, Sarah E. Deemer, David B. Allison
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:BMC Medical Research Methodology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-025-02590-6
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