The impact of simulated visual impairment on medication use process: A study with healthy volunteers

Background: Visual impairment may be caused by various diseases and can impact the safe use of medications. It is therefore important that healthcare professionals consider these challenges to facilitate the correct administration of medications by visually impaired patients. Objective: To determine...

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Main Authors: Théodora Merenda, Fanny Depasse, Stéphanie Patris
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276625000228
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author Théodora Merenda
Fanny Depasse
Stéphanie Patris
author_facet Théodora Merenda
Fanny Depasse
Stéphanie Patris
author_sort Théodora Merenda
collection DOAJ
description Background: Visual impairment may be caused by various diseases and can impact the safe use of medications. It is therefore important that healthcare professionals consider these challenges to facilitate the correct administration of medications by visually impaired patients. Objective: To determine the category of visual impairment beyond which it becomes impossible to identify medication boxes, to read patient information leaflets, expiration dates, and dosage instructions. Methods: Visual impairment was simulated with glasses on healthy volunteers who had to identify and read different elements on medication boxes and leaflets. The participant eligibility was confirmed through the administration of five ophthalmological tests designed to quantify functional vision. Data were analyzed using a within-subject repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Ninety-two simulations were conducted. This study indicates that for a simulated moderate visual impairment, 81 % of participants lacked access to the medication names and doses, 75 % lacked access to the full expiration date, and 60 % were unable to read the leaflets. Additionally, a simulated moderate visual impairment resulted in a reduced reading speed of 44 words per minute. The low contrast of the writing on medication boxes makes identification more difficult. Conclusions: This simulation study demonstrated that it became impossible to identify medication boxes from a severe visual impairment onwards, while it was no longer possible to read leaflets and expiry dates from a moderate visual impairment onwards. Consequently, it is necessary to ensure that the patient has strategies to identify medications, particularly if the packaging exhibits low contrast and small print.
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spelling doaj-art-a7098c03651a40e38ab7e17d16a46d032025-08-20T03:49:41ZengElsevierExploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy2667-27662025-06-011810058110.1016/j.rcsop.2025.100581The impact of simulated visual impairment on medication use process: A study with healthy volunteersThéodora Merenda0Fanny Depasse1Stéphanie Patris2Unit of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, Belgium; Corresponding author at: University of Mons, Avenue du Champ de Mars, 7000 Mons, Belgium.Unit of Ophthalmology and Low Vision, Functional rehabilitation Centre, Association Les Amis des Aveugles (ADA), Ghlin, BelgiumUnit of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mons (UMONS), Mons, BelgiumBackground: Visual impairment may be caused by various diseases and can impact the safe use of medications. It is therefore important that healthcare professionals consider these challenges to facilitate the correct administration of medications by visually impaired patients. Objective: To determine the category of visual impairment beyond which it becomes impossible to identify medication boxes, to read patient information leaflets, expiration dates, and dosage instructions. Methods: Visual impairment was simulated with glasses on healthy volunteers who had to identify and read different elements on medication boxes and leaflets. The participant eligibility was confirmed through the administration of five ophthalmological tests designed to quantify functional vision. Data were analyzed using a within-subject repeated measures ANOVA. Results: Ninety-two simulations were conducted. This study indicates that for a simulated moderate visual impairment, 81 % of participants lacked access to the medication names and doses, 75 % lacked access to the full expiration date, and 60 % were unable to read the leaflets. Additionally, a simulated moderate visual impairment resulted in a reduced reading speed of 44 words per minute. The low contrast of the writing on medication boxes makes identification more difficult. Conclusions: This simulation study demonstrated that it became impossible to identify medication boxes from a severe visual impairment onwards, while it was no longer possible to read leaflets and expiry dates from a moderate visual impairment onwards. Consequently, it is necessary to ensure that the patient has strategies to identify medications, particularly if the packaging exhibits low contrast and small print.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276625000228Visual impairmentHealth careMedication safetySimulationSimulated visual impairment
spellingShingle Théodora Merenda
Fanny Depasse
Stéphanie Patris
The impact of simulated visual impairment on medication use process: A study with healthy volunteers
Exploratory Research in Clinical and Social Pharmacy
Visual impairment
Health care
Medication safety
Simulation
Simulated visual impairment
title The impact of simulated visual impairment on medication use process: A study with healthy volunteers
title_full The impact of simulated visual impairment on medication use process: A study with healthy volunteers
title_fullStr The impact of simulated visual impairment on medication use process: A study with healthy volunteers
title_full_unstemmed The impact of simulated visual impairment on medication use process: A study with healthy volunteers
title_short The impact of simulated visual impairment on medication use process: A study with healthy volunteers
title_sort impact of simulated visual impairment on medication use process a study with healthy volunteers
topic Visual impairment
Health care
Medication safety
Simulation
Simulated visual impairment
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2667276625000228
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