Significant Plasma Density Depletion From High‐ to Mid‐Latitude Ionosphere During the Super Storm in May 2024

Abstract We demonstrate the global response of the ionosphere to the geomagnetic super storm on 10–11 May 2024. The in situ observations from the Swarm spacecraft show a rapid depletion of plasma density in the dawn and dusk sectors following the storm. The in situ data are further complemented by t...

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Main Authors: Yaqi Jin, Daria Kotova, Lasse B. N. Clausen, Wojciech J. Miloch
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-03-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113997
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author Yaqi Jin
Daria Kotova
Lasse B. N. Clausen
Wojciech J. Miloch
author_facet Yaqi Jin
Daria Kotova
Lasse B. N. Clausen
Wojciech J. Miloch
author_sort Yaqi Jin
collection DOAJ
description Abstract We demonstrate the global response of the ionosphere to the geomagnetic super storm on 10–11 May 2024. The in situ observations from the Swarm spacecraft show a rapid depletion of plasma density in the dawn and dusk sectors following the storm. The in situ data are further complemented by the ground‐based total electron content maps. Both the in situ and the ground‐based observations show significant depletion of electron density during the super storm in regions above 50° magnetic latitude. The density depletion originates from a polar hole in the morning high latitude sector. It is suggested that the strong convection speed under substantial solar wind forcing leads to chemical composition changes and rapid recombination in the ionosphere. The region of depleted plasma density is not confined to the polar cap but expands to auroral and mid‐latitude regions. The depleted plasma density lasts for about 3 days before it recovers to the pre‐storm levels.
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institution Kabale University
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publishDate 2025-03-01
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series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-a6040b579c9440c3a1a4cdbde1ea4be22025-08-20T03:52:42ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072025-03-01525n/an/a10.1029/2024GL113997Significant Plasma Density Depletion From High‐ to Mid‐Latitude Ionosphere During the Super Storm in May 2024Yaqi Jin0Daria Kotova1Lasse B. N. Clausen2Wojciech J. Miloch3Department of Physics University of Oslo Oslo NorwayDepartment of Physics University of Oslo Oslo NorwayDepartment of Physics University of Oslo Oslo NorwayDepartment of Physics University of Oslo Oslo NorwayAbstract We demonstrate the global response of the ionosphere to the geomagnetic super storm on 10–11 May 2024. The in situ observations from the Swarm spacecraft show a rapid depletion of plasma density in the dawn and dusk sectors following the storm. The in situ data are further complemented by the ground‐based total electron content maps. Both the in situ and the ground‐based observations show significant depletion of electron density during the super storm in regions above 50° magnetic latitude. The density depletion originates from a polar hole in the morning high latitude sector. It is suggested that the strong convection speed under substantial solar wind forcing leads to chemical composition changes and rapid recombination in the ionosphere. The region of depleted plasma density is not confined to the polar cap but expands to auroral and mid‐latitude regions. The depleted plasma density lasts for about 3 days before it recovers to the pre‐storm levels.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113997stormionospherepolar holedensity depletionspace weather
spellingShingle Yaqi Jin
Daria Kotova
Lasse B. N. Clausen
Wojciech J. Miloch
Significant Plasma Density Depletion From High‐ to Mid‐Latitude Ionosphere During the Super Storm in May 2024
Geophysical Research Letters
storm
ionosphere
polar hole
density depletion
space weather
title Significant Plasma Density Depletion From High‐ to Mid‐Latitude Ionosphere During the Super Storm in May 2024
title_full Significant Plasma Density Depletion From High‐ to Mid‐Latitude Ionosphere During the Super Storm in May 2024
title_fullStr Significant Plasma Density Depletion From High‐ to Mid‐Latitude Ionosphere During the Super Storm in May 2024
title_full_unstemmed Significant Plasma Density Depletion From High‐ to Mid‐Latitude Ionosphere During the Super Storm in May 2024
title_short Significant Plasma Density Depletion From High‐ to Mid‐Latitude Ionosphere During the Super Storm in May 2024
title_sort significant plasma density depletion from high to mid latitude ionosphere during the super storm in may 2024
topic storm
ionosphere
polar hole
density depletion
space weather
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113997
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AT dariakotova significantplasmadensitydepletionfromhightomidlatitudeionosphereduringthesuperstorminmay2024
AT lassebnclausen significantplasmadensitydepletionfromhightomidlatitudeionosphereduringthesuperstorminmay2024
AT wojciechjmiloch significantplasmadensitydepletionfromhightomidlatitudeionosphereduringthesuperstorminmay2024