Optimizing aquatic weed management in Lake Ossa, Cameroon: Harnessing the power of biological control and real-time satellite monitoring
Salvinia, Salvinia molesta Mitchell (Salviniaceae) is a free-floating aquatic fern native to Brazil and considered one of the worst weeds in the world. When left unchecked, salvinia forms dense mats on the water surface, limiting sunlight penetration and altering water quality that disrupt ecosystem...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Biological Control |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049964424002159 |
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| author | Logan Herbert Annick Zanga David Kinsler Victoria Ayala Aristide Takoukam Kamla Rodrigo Diaz |
| author_facet | Logan Herbert Annick Zanga David Kinsler Victoria Ayala Aristide Takoukam Kamla Rodrigo Diaz |
| author_sort | Logan Herbert |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Salvinia, Salvinia molesta Mitchell (Salviniaceae) is a free-floating aquatic fern native to Brazil and considered one of the worst weeds in the world. When left unchecked, salvinia forms dense mats on the water surface, limiting sunlight penetration and altering water quality that disrupt ecosystem processes. In 2016, salvinia was first reported in Lake Ossa, Cameroon, and by summer 2021, had expanded to cover almost 49 % of the lake’s 4,000-hectare surface. A multinational team initiated a biological control and monitoring program, importing the salvinia weevil, Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder & Sands (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Louisiana, USA, in summer 2021. The objectives of this study were to: quantify the changes in salvinia cover and other floating vegetation, document the establishment and impact of the biological control program, and deliver a tool for near-real time monitoring of floating vegetation. We developed a satellite-based remote sensing application to document in near real-time the changes in coverage of floating vegetation. Using this tool, we quantified the reduction in the salvinia coverage by 80 % within three years of the release of the weevil. Field surveys in 2022 and 2023, demonstrated weevil establishment in the lake and widespread salvinia browning that was associated with weevil damage. Linear regressions of the percent cover of floating vegetation over time, demonstrated that after the weevil release, the rate of change decreased to −1.7 % per 60 days. Field monitoring and satellite imagery showed the establishment of a sedge (Oxycaryum sp., Cyperaceae) within the salvinia mat in late 2021. This secondary invasion slowed the reduction in coverage of floating vegetation from −1.7 % to −0.6 % per 60 days, and warrants further research. By late 2023, the revitalization of Lake Ossa restored fishing and transportation opportunities for the community, and also the comeback the emblematic African manatee. The success of the biological control of salvinia in Lake Ossa is not surprising due to its tropical conditions. However, it highlights the importance of early intervention and continuous monitoring. We propose that the integration of biological control and remote sensing technology is becoming more accessible and can be automated; therefore, a replicable model for future invasive weed programs around the world. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-a4d40f8bea73476fbbba60e80f1bf2d1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1049-9644 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biological Control |
| spelling | doaj-art-a4d40f8bea73476fbbba60e80f1bf2d12024-12-14T06:30:00ZengElsevierBiological Control1049-96442024-12-01199105650Optimizing aquatic weed management in Lake Ossa, Cameroon: Harnessing the power of biological control and real-time satellite monitoringLogan Herbert0Annick Zanga1David Kinsler2Victoria Ayala3Aristide Takoukam Kamla4Rodrigo Diaz5Department of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United StatesAfrican Marine Mammal Conservation Organization, Dizangué/Edea, Littoral Region, CameroonCentre for Biological Control, Rhodes University, Eastern Cape, 6139, South AfricaDepartment of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United StatesAfrican Marine Mammal Conservation Organization, Dizangué/Edea, Littoral Region, CameroonDepartment of Entomology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States; Corresponding author at: LSU Department of Entomology, 404 Life Science Bldg., Baton Rouge, LA 70803, United States.Salvinia, Salvinia molesta Mitchell (Salviniaceae) is a free-floating aquatic fern native to Brazil and considered one of the worst weeds in the world. When left unchecked, salvinia forms dense mats on the water surface, limiting sunlight penetration and altering water quality that disrupt ecosystem processes. In 2016, salvinia was first reported in Lake Ossa, Cameroon, and by summer 2021, had expanded to cover almost 49 % of the lake’s 4,000-hectare surface. A multinational team initiated a biological control and monitoring program, importing the salvinia weevil, Cyrtobagous salviniae Calder & Sands (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) from Louisiana, USA, in summer 2021. The objectives of this study were to: quantify the changes in salvinia cover and other floating vegetation, document the establishment and impact of the biological control program, and deliver a tool for near-real time monitoring of floating vegetation. We developed a satellite-based remote sensing application to document in near real-time the changes in coverage of floating vegetation. Using this tool, we quantified the reduction in the salvinia coverage by 80 % within three years of the release of the weevil. Field surveys in 2022 and 2023, demonstrated weevil establishment in the lake and widespread salvinia browning that was associated with weevil damage. Linear regressions of the percent cover of floating vegetation over time, demonstrated that after the weevil release, the rate of change decreased to −1.7 % per 60 days. Field monitoring and satellite imagery showed the establishment of a sedge (Oxycaryum sp., Cyperaceae) within the salvinia mat in late 2021. This secondary invasion slowed the reduction in coverage of floating vegetation from −1.7 % to −0.6 % per 60 days, and warrants further research. By late 2023, the revitalization of Lake Ossa restored fishing and transportation opportunities for the community, and also the comeback the emblematic African manatee. The success of the biological control of salvinia in Lake Ossa is not surprising due to its tropical conditions. However, it highlights the importance of early intervention and continuous monitoring. We propose that the integration of biological control and remote sensing technology is becoming more accessible and can be automated; therefore, a replicable model for future invasive weed programs around the world.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049964424002159Cyrtobagous salviniaeGoogle Earth EngineSalvinia molestaRemote sensingSupervised classification |
| spellingShingle | Logan Herbert Annick Zanga David Kinsler Victoria Ayala Aristide Takoukam Kamla Rodrigo Diaz Optimizing aquatic weed management in Lake Ossa, Cameroon: Harnessing the power of biological control and real-time satellite monitoring Biological Control Cyrtobagous salviniae Google Earth Engine Salvinia molesta Remote sensing Supervised classification |
| title | Optimizing aquatic weed management in Lake Ossa, Cameroon: Harnessing the power of biological control and real-time satellite monitoring |
| title_full | Optimizing aquatic weed management in Lake Ossa, Cameroon: Harnessing the power of biological control and real-time satellite monitoring |
| title_fullStr | Optimizing aquatic weed management in Lake Ossa, Cameroon: Harnessing the power of biological control and real-time satellite monitoring |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimizing aquatic weed management in Lake Ossa, Cameroon: Harnessing the power of biological control and real-time satellite monitoring |
| title_short | Optimizing aquatic weed management in Lake Ossa, Cameroon: Harnessing the power of biological control and real-time satellite monitoring |
| title_sort | optimizing aquatic weed management in lake ossa cameroon harnessing the power of biological control and real time satellite monitoring |
| topic | Cyrtobagous salviniae Google Earth Engine Salvinia molesta Remote sensing Supervised classification |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1049964424002159 |
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