Variable-order fractional constitutive model for triaxial fatigue behavior of freeze-thaw double-fractured red sandstone

To explore the fatigue behavior of freeze-thaw fractured rocks, triaxial incremental cyclic loading tests were performed on double-fractured red sandstone under three freeze-thaw cycle conditions. A fatigue deformation constitutive model incorporating variable-order fractional derivatives was propos...

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Main Authors: Jian Hu, Ying Gao, Jianxi Ren, Fan Yang, Chi Zhang, Xiaowa Mao, Shangxin Feng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Built Environment
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1614908/full
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author Jian Hu
Jian Hu
Ying Gao
Jianxi Ren
Fan Yang
Chi Zhang
Xiaowa Mao
Shangxin Feng
author_facet Jian Hu
Jian Hu
Ying Gao
Jianxi Ren
Fan Yang
Chi Zhang
Xiaowa Mao
Shangxin Feng
author_sort Jian Hu
collection DOAJ
description To explore the fatigue behavior of freeze-thaw fractured rocks, triaxial incremental cyclic loading tests were performed on double-fractured red sandstone under three freeze-thaw cycle conditions. A fatigue deformation constitutive model incorporating variable-order fractional derivatives was proposed. Results show that with increasing freeze-thaw cycles, peak stress under static and cyclic loads decreases linearly, while peak strain increases linearly. The fatigue failure process of freeze-thaw double-fractured sandstone follows the static full-process curve. The failure strain exceeds the static peak strain but remains below the control point strain. After multiple freeze-thaw cycles, rock samples exhibited triaxial fatigue failure with extensive and complex surface cracking. Surface deterioration resulted in particle detachment and powdering without fragment dispersion, indicating that freeze-thaw cycling softens the rock and enhances ductility. The fatigue strength of freeze-thaw double-fractured sandstone can be accurately determined by an incremental fatigue loading scheme, averaging the final two cycle stress values, and utilizing the fatigue threshold stress ratio from axial deformation. By modifying the Nishihara model’s third-stage Abel viscoelastic model to a variable-order fractional-order viscous pot, performing cyclic load equivalent substitution and introducing freeze-thaw damage variables can better reflect the three-stage deformation of double-fractured red sandstone under freeze-thaw and cyclic loading. These findings advance constitutive modeling of sandstone fatigue failure and support safety assessments of fractured rock masses in cold regions.
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spelling doaj-art-a31eaee7e94e4f7fb8dba2dc28d5e3f22025-08-20T03:40:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Built Environment2297-33622025-08-011110.3389/fbuil.2025.16149081614908Variable-order fractional constitutive model for triaxial fatigue behavior of freeze-thaw double-fractured red sandstoneJian Hu0Jian Hu1Ying Gao2Jianxi Ren3Fan Yang4Chi Zhang5Xiaowa Mao6Shangxin Feng7School of Mining, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, Liaoning, ChinaShaanxi Coal Group, Shenmu Zhangjiamao Mining Co., Ltd., Shenmu, ChinaSchool of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaSchool of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaShaanxi Coal Group, Shenmu Zhangjiamao Mining Co., Ltd., Shenmu, ChinaShaanxi Coal Group, Shenmu Zhangjiamao Mining Co., Ltd., Shenmu, ChinaShaanxi Coal Group, Shenmu Zhangjiamao Mining Co., Ltd., Shenmu, ChinaSchool of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, Shaanxi, ChinaTo explore the fatigue behavior of freeze-thaw fractured rocks, triaxial incremental cyclic loading tests were performed on double-fractured red sandstone under three freeze-thaw cycle conditions. A fatigue deformation constitutive model incorporating variable-order fractional derivatives was proposed. Results show that with increasing freeze-thaw cycles, peak stress under static and cyclic loads decreases linearly, while peak strain increases linearly. The fatigue failure process of freeze-thaw double-fractured sandstone follows the static full-process curve. The failure strain exceeds the static peak strain but remains below the control point strain. After multiple freeze-thaw cycles, rock samples exhibited triaxial fatigue failure with extensive and complex surface cracking. Surface deterioration resulted in particle detachment and powdering without fragment dispersion, indicating that freeze-thaw cycling softens the rock and enhances ductility. The fatigue strength of freeze-thaw double-fractured sandstone can be accurately determined by an incremental fatigue loading scheme, averaging the final two cycle stress values, and utilizing the fatigue threshold stress ratio from axial deformation. By modifying the Nishihara model’s third-stage Abel viscoelastic model to a variable-order fractional-order viscous pot, performing cyclic load equivalent substitution and introducing freeze-thaw damage variables can better reflect the three-stage deformation of double-fractured red sandstone under freeze-thaw and cyclic loading. These findings advance constitutive modeling of sandstone fatigue failure and support safety assessments of fractured rock masses in cold regions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1614908/fullfreeze-thaw cyclesdouble-fractured red sandstonetriaxial compressionfatigue thresholdfatigue constitutive model
spellingShingle Jian Hu
Jian Hu
Ying Gao
Jianxi Ren
Fan Yang
Chi Zhang
Xiaowa Mao
Shangxin Feng
Variable-order fractional constitutive model for triaxial fatigue behavior of freeze-thaw double-fractured red sandstone
Frontiers in Built Environment
freeze-thaw cycles
double-fractured red sandstone
triaxial compression
fatigue threshold
fatigue constitutive model
title Variable-order fractional constitutive model for triaxial fatigue behavior of freeze-thaw double-fractured red sandstone
title_full Variable-order fractional constitutive model for triaxial fatigue behavior of freeze-thaw double-fractured red sandstone
title_fullStr Variable-order fractional constitutive model for triaxial fatigue behavior of freeze-thaw double-fractured red sandstone
title_full_unstemmed Variable-order fractional constitutive model for triaxial fatigue behavior of freeze-thaw double-fractured red sandstone
title_short Variable-order fractional constitutive model for triaxial fatigue behavior of freeze-thaw double-fractured red sandstone
title_sort variable order fractional constitutive model for triaxial fatigue behavior of freeze thaw double fractured red sandstone
topic freeze-thaw cycles
double-fractured red sandstone
triaxial compression
fatigue threshold
fatigue constitutive model
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fbuil.2025.1614908/full
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