A survey on autonomous navigation for mobile robots: From traditional techniques to deep learning and large language models

Abstract Autonomous navigation is a cornerstone of modern robotic systems. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the landscape of obstacle avoidance and path planning techniques for mobile robots. We categorize and evaluate a range of approaches, beginning with traditional graph-based met...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Abderrahim Waga, Said Benhlima, Ali Bekri, Jawad Abdouni, Fatima Zahrae Saber
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Journal of King Saud University: Computer and Information Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s44443-025-00216-x
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Abstract Autonomous navigation is a cornerstone of modern robotic systems. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the landscape of obstacle avoidance and path planning techniques for mobile robots. We categorize and evaluate a range of approaches, beginning with traditional graph-based methods such as A* and Dijkstra, and geometric techniques like Voronoi diagrams and cell decomposition. The review extends to modern metaheuristic algorithms, including genetic algorithms (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and ant colony optimization (ACO). Furthermore, we explore hybrid models that integrate traditional methods with machine learning, such as reinforcement learning (RL) and neural networks (NN). These hybrid approaches aim to address specific challenges, including escaping local minima and enabling real-time decision-making in uncertain environments. A significant focus is placed on the emerging role of Large Language Models (LLMs), analyzing their application in translating natural language commands into navigational actions and improving human-robot interaction. This work critically analyzes the trade-offs of each paradigm—including computational efficiency, scalability, and adaptability across these diverse methods. Finally, this review outlines emerging trends and open challenges, highlighting potential research directions in collaborative robotics, multi-agent systems, and the broader field of mobile robot navigation.
ISSN:1319-1578
2213-1248