Modulation of Kv Channel Gating by Light-Controlled Membrane Thickness

Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are e ssential for shaping action potentials and rely on anionic lipids for proper gating, yet the mechanistic basis of lipid–channel interactions remains unclear. Cryo-electron microscopy studies suggest that, in the down state, arginine residues of the voltage...

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Main Authors: Rohit Yadav, Juergen Pfeffermann, Nikolaus Goessweiner-Mohr, Toma Glasnov, Sergey A. Akimov, Peter Pohl
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Biomolecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/5/744
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author Rohit Yadav
Juergen Pfeffermann
Nikolaus Goessweiner-Mohr
Toma Glasnov
Sergey A. Akimov
Peter Pohl
author_facet Rohit Yadav
Juergen Pfeffermann
Nikolaus Goessweiner-Mohr
Toma Glasnov
Sergey A. Akimov
Peter Pohl
author_sort Rohit Yadav
collection DOAJ
description Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are e ssential for shaping action potentials and rely on anionic lipids for proper gating, yet the mechanistic basis of lipid–channel interactions remains unclear. Cryo-electron microscopy studies suggest that, in the down state, arginine residues of the voltage sensor draw lipid phosphates upward, leading to a local membrane thinning of ~5 Å—an effect absent in the open state. To test whether membrane thickness directly affects voltage sensor function, we reconstituted Kv channels from <i>Aeropyrum pernix</i> (KvAP) into planar lipid bilayers containing photoswitchable lipids. Upon blue light illumination, the membrane thickened, and KvAP activity increased; UV light reversed both effects. Our findings indicate that membrane thickening weakens the interaction between lipid phosphates and voltage-sensing arginines in the down state, lowering the energy barrier for the transition to the up state and thereby promoting channel opening. This non-genetic, membrane-mediated approach provides a new strategy to control ion channel activity using light and establishes a direct, reversible link between membrane mechanics and voltage sensing, with potential applications in the remote control of neuronal excitability.
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spelling doaj-art-a0b5e37f23a0439abde1c87848e2f9a92025-08-20T03:47:53ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2025-05-0115574410.3390/biom15050744Modulation of Kv Channel Gating by Light-Controlled Membrane ThicknessRohit Yadav0Juergen Pfeffermann1Nikolaus Goessweiner-Mohr2Toma Glasnov3Sergey A. Akimov4Peter Pohl5Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, AustriaInstitute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, AustriaInstitute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, AustriaInstitute of Chemistry, Karl-Franzens-University, 8010 Graz, AustriaFrumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119071, RussiaInstitute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4040 Linz, AustriaVoltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels are e ssential for shaping action potentials and rely on anionic lipids for proper gating, yet the mechanistic basis of lipid–channel interactions remains unclear. Cryo-electron microscopy studies suggest that, in the down state, arginine residues of the voltage sensor draw lipid phosphates upward, leading to a local membrane thinning of ~5 Å—an effect absent in the open state. To test whether membrane thickness directly affects voltage sensor function, we reconstituted Kv channels from <i>Aeropyrum pernix</i> (KvAP) into planar lipid bilayers containing photoswitchable lipids. Upon blue light illumination, the membrane thickened, and KvAP activity increased; UV light reversed both effects. Our findings indicate that membrane thickening weakens the interaction between lipid phosphates and voltage-sensing arginines in the down state, lowering the energy barrier for the transition to the up state and thereby promoting channel opening. This non-genetic, membrane-mediated approach provides a new strategy to control ion channel activity using light and establishes a direct, reversible link between membrane mechanics and voltage sensing, with potential applications in the remote control of neuronal excitability.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/5/744Kv channelvoltage sensorphotoswitchable lipidselectrophysiology
spellingShingle Rohit Yadav
Juergen Pfeffermann
Nikolaus Goessweiner-Mohr
Toma Glasnov
Sergey A. Akimov
Peter Pohl
Modulation of Kv Channel Gating by Light-Controlled Membrane Thickness
Biomolecules
Kv channel
voltage sensor
photoswitchable lipids
electrophysiology
title Modulation of Kv Channel Gating by Light-Controlled Membrane Thickness
title_full Modulation of Kv Channel Gating by Light-Controlled Membrane Thickness
title_fullStr Modulation of Kv Channel Gating by Light-Controlled Membrane Thickness
title_full_unstemmed Modulation of Kv Channel Gating by Light-Controlled Membrane Thickness
title_short Modulation of Kv Channel Gating by Light-Controlled Membrane Thickness
title_sort modulation of kv channel gating by light controlled membrane thickness
topic Kv channel
voltage sensor
photoswitchable lipids
electrophysiology
url https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/5/744
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