Automatic and affective processing of faces as mechanisms of passing as non-autistic in adolescence

Abstract Passing as non-autistic (PAN) is the phenomenon by which an autistic person does not present as autistic in certain contexts. Despite a proliferation of research on the construct on PAN, no study has yet examined the neurocognitive processes implicated in PAN. This study examined two well-c...

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Main Authors: Abigail P. Houck, Jared K. Richards, Talena C. Day, Janelle J. Goodwill, Kathryn M. Hauschild, Isha Malik, Matthew D. Lerner
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04801-y
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author Abigail P. Houck
Jared K. Richards
Talena C. Day
Janelle J. Goodwill
Kathryn M. Hauschild
Isha Malik
Matthew D. Lerner
author_facet Abigail P. Houck
Jared K. Richards
Talena C. Day
Janelle J. Goodwill
Kathryn M. Hauschild
Isha Malik
Matthew D. Lerner
author_sort Abigail P. Houck
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Passing as non-autistic (PAN) is the phenomenon by which an autistic person does not present as autistic in certain contexts. Despite a proliferation of research on the construct on PAN, no study has yet examined the neurocognitive processes implicated in PAN. This study examined two well-characterized event-related potentials (ERPs) often associated with autism - the N170 and the Late Positive Potential (LPP) - in response to faces as putative mechanisms of PAN. Participants were 44 community-recruited youth (Mage = 13.36, Nmale = 30) who completed a facial emotion recognition task during EEG recording. PAN was operationalized using best practices (moderation) for calculating the discrepancy between community informant (parent and teacher) and clinician-reported autism symptoms. Results reveal a substantial proportion (approximately 44%) of the community-recruited adolescent sample met criteria for PAN. This status was associated with faster N170 latency to faces, and attenuated LPP amplitude to facial emotions, particularly subtle facial emotions. Findings suggest autistic adolescents who PAN may have more efficient automatic process of, and reduced reactivity to, social stimuli. This study provides the first direct test of a potential neurocognitive mechanism of PAN, supporting emotion regulation-mediated PAN models.
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spelling doaj-art-9d3cc887fe6144e48a91f8b0b1c85b0f2025-08-20T04:01:26ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-04801-yAutomatic and affective processing of faces as mechanisms of passing as non-autistic in adolescenceAbigail P. Houck0Jared K. Richards1Talena C. Day2Janelle J. Goodwill3Kathryn M. Hauschild4Isha Malik5Matthew D. Lerner6Department of Psychology, Stony Brook UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Stony Brook UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Stony Brook UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Stony Brook UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Stony Brook UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Stony Brook UniversityDepartment of Psychology, Stony Brook UniversityAbstract Passing as non-autistic (PAN) is the phenomenon by which an autistic person does not present as autistic in certain contexts. Despite a proliferation of research on the construct on PAN, no study has yet examined the neurocognitive processes implicated in PAN. This study examined two well-characterized event-related potentials (ERPs) often associated with autism - the N170 and the Late Positive Potential (LPP) - in response to faces as putative mechanisms of PAN. Participants were 44 community-recruited youth (Mage = 13.36, Nmale = 30) who completed a facial emotion recognition task during EEG recording. PAN was operationalized using best practices (moderation) for calculating the discrepancy between community informant (parent and teacher) and clinician-reported autism symptoms. Results reveal a substantial proportion (approximately 44%) of the community-recruited adolescent sample met criteria for PAN. This status was associated with faster N170 latency to faces, and attenuated LPP amplitude to facial emotions, particularly subtle facial emotions. Findings suggest autistic adolescents who PAN may have more efficient automatic process of, and reduced reactivity to, social stimuli. This study provides the first direct test of a potential neurocognitive mechanism of PAN, supporting emotion regulation-mediated PAN models.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04801-yAutismEvent related potentialMaskingCamouflagingInformant discrepancy
spellingShingle Abigail P. Houck
Jared K. Richards
Talena C. Day
Janelle J. Goodwill
Kathryn M. Hauschild
Isha Malik
Matthew D. Lerner
Automatic and affective processing of faces as mechanisms of passing as non-autistic in adolescence
Scientific Reports
Autism
Event related potential
Masking
Camouflaging
Informant discrepancy
title Automatic and affective processing of faces as mechanisms of passing as non-autistic in adolescence
title_full Automatic and affective processing of faces as mechanisms of passing as non-autistic in adolescence
title_fullStr Automatic and affective processing of faces as mechanisms of passing as non-autistic in adolescence
title_full_unstemmed Automatic and affective processing of faces as mechanisms of passing as non-autistic in adolescence
title_short Automatic and affective processing of faces as mechanisms of passing as non-autistic in adolescence
title_sort automatic and affective processing of faces as mechanisms of passing as non autistic in adolescence
topic Autism
Event related potential
Masking
Camouflaging
Informant discrepancy
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-04801-y
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