Closed-loop versus open-loop “remind-to-move” treatment using wearables for hemiparetic upper extremity in patients after stroke: A proof-of-concept study

This is a proof-of-concept study to compare the effects of a 2-week program of “Remind-to-move” (RTM) treatment using closed-loop and open-loop wearables for hemiparetic upper extremity in patients with chronic stroke in the community. The RTM open-loop wearable device has been proven in our previou...

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Main Authors: Kenneth N. K. Fong, Jasmine P. Y. Pak, Alissa H. L. Koo, Maggie M. K. Szeto, Natalie M. T. Wong, Keily K. Y. Yau, Sharon F. M. Toh, Vivian W. Lou, Hector W. H. Tsang, Gary K. K. Lau
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Cambridge University Press 2025-01-01
Series:Wearable Technologies
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Online Access:https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2631717625100170/type/journal_article
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author Kenneth N. K. Fong
Jasmine P. Y. Pak
Alissa H. L. Koo
Maggie M. K. Szeto
Natalie M. T. Wong
Keily K. Y. Yau
Sharon F. M. Toh
Vivian W. Lou
Hector W. H. Tsang
Gary K. K. Lau
author_facet Kenneth N. K. Fong
Jasmine P. Y. Pak
Alissa H. L. Koo
Maggie M. K. Szeto
Natalie M. T. Wong
Keily K. Y. Yau
Sharon F. M. Toh
Vivian W. Lou
Hector W. H. Tsang
Gary K. K. Lau
author_sort Kenneth N. K. Fong
collection DOAJ
description This is a proof-of-concept study to compare the effects of a 2-week program of “Remind-to-move” (RTM) treatment using closed-loop and open-loop wearables for hemiparetic upper extremity in patients with chronic stroke in the community. The RTM open-loop wearable device has been proven in our previous studies to be useful to address the learned nonuse phenomenon of the hemiparetic upper extremity. A closed-loop RTM wearable device, which emits reminding cues according to actual arm use, was developed in this study. A convenience sample of 16 participants with chronic unilateral stroke recruited in the community was engaged in repetitive upper extremity task-specific practice for 2 weeks while wearing either a closed-loop or an open-loop ambulatory RTM wearable device on their affected hand for 3 hrs a day. Evaluations were conducted at pre-/post-intervention and follow-up after 4 weeks using upper extremity motor performance behavioral measures, actual arm use questionnaire, and the kinematic data obtained from the device. Results showed that both open-loop and closed-loop training groups achieved significant gains in all measures at posttest and follow-up evaluations. The closed-loop group showed a more significant improvement in movement frequency, hand functions, and actual arm use than did the open-loop group. Our findings supported the use of closed-loop wearables, which showed greater effects in terms of promoting the hand use of the hemiparetic upper extremity than open-loop wearables among patients with chronic stroke.
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series Wearable Technologies
spelling doaj-art-9b69b6964bec486bb7b3906b9a2e854f2025-08-20T03:50:58ZengCambridge University PressWearable Technologies2631-71762025-01-01610.1017/wtc.2025.10017Closed-loop versus open-loop “remind-to-move” treatment using wearables for hemiparetic upper extremity in patients after stroke: A proof-of-concept studyKenneth N. K. Fong0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5909-4847Jasmine P. Y. Pak1Alissa H. L. Koo2Maggie M. K. Szeto3Natalie M. T. Wong4Keily K. Y. Yau5Sharon F. M. Toh6Vivian W. Lou7Hector W. H. Tsang8Gary K. K. Lau9Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, https://ror.org/0030zas98The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR Research Centre for Assistive Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SARDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, https://ror.org/0030zas98The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SARDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, https://ror.org/0030zas98The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SARDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, https://ror.org/0030zas98The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SARDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, https://ror.org/0030zas98The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SARDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, https://ror.org/0030zas98The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SARDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, https://ror.org/0030zas98The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR https://ror.org/01v2c2791 Singapore Institute of Technology , Singapore, SingaporeDepartment of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SARDepartment of Rehabilitation Sciences, https://ror.org/0030zas98The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SARDivision of Neurology, Department of Medicine, https://ror.org/02zhqgq86The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SARThis is a proof-of-concept study to compare the effects of a 2-week program of “Remind-to-move” (RTM) treatment using closed-loop and open-loop wearables for hemiparetic upper extremity in patients with chronic stroke in the community. The RTM open-loop wearable device has been proven in our previous studies to be useful to address the learned nonuse phenomenon of the hemiparetic upper extremity. A closed-loop RTM wearable device, which emits reminding cues according to actual arm use, was developed in this study. A convenience sample of 16 participants with chronic unilateral stroke recruited in the community was engaged in repetitive upper extremity task-specific practice for 2 weeks while wearing either a closed-loop or an open-loop ambulatory RTM wearable device on their affected hand for 3 hrs a day. Evaluations were conducted at pre-/post-intervention and follow-up after 4 weeks using upper extremity motor performance behavioral measures, actual arm use questionnaire, and the kinematic data obtained from the device. Results showed that both open-loop and closed-loop training groups achieved significant gains in all measures at posttest and follow-up evaluations. The closed-loop group showed a more significant improvement in movement frequency, hand functions, and actual arm use than did the open-loop group. Our findings supported the use of closed-loop wearables, which showed greater effects in terms of promoting the hand use of the hemiparetic upper extremity than open-loop wearables among patients with chronic stroke.https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2631717625100170/type/journal_articlewearablesopen-loopclosed-loopupper limblearned nonusestroke
spellingShingle Kenneth N. K. Fong
Jasmine P. Y. Pak
Alissa H. L. Koo
Maggie M. K. Szeto
Natalie M. T. Wong
Keily K. Y. Yau
Sharon F. M. Toh
Vivian W. Lou
Hector W. H. Tsang
Gary K. K. Lau
Closed-loop versus open-loop “remind-to-move” treatment using wearables for hemiparetic upper extremity in patients after stroke: A proof-of-concept study
Wearable Technologies
wearables
open-loop
closed-loop
upper limb
learned nonuse
stroke
title Closed-loop versus open-loop “remind-to-move” treatment using wearables for hemiparetic upper extremity in patients after stroke: A proof-of-concept study
title_full Closed-loop versus open-loop “remind-to-move” treatment using wearables for hemiparetic upper extremity in patients after stroke: A proof-of-concept study
title_fullStr Closed-loop versus open-loop “remind-to-move” treatment using wearables for hemiparetic upper extremity in patients after stroke: A proof-of-concept study
title_full_unstemmed Closed-loop versus open-loop “remind-to-move” treatment using wearables for hemiparetic upper extremity in patients after stroke: A proof-of-concept study
title_short Closed-loop versus open-loop “remind-to-move” treatment using wearables for hemiparetic upper extremity in patients after stroke: A proof-of-concept study
title_sort closed loop versus open loop remind to move treatment using wearables for hemiparetic upper extremity in patients after stroke a proof of concept study
topic wearables
open-loop
closed-loop
upper limb
learned nonuse
stroke
url https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S2631717625100170/type/journal_article
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