The Impact of Green Tea Kombucha on the Intestinal Health, Gut Microbiota, and Serum Metabolome of Individuals with Excess Body Weight in a Weight Loss Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Green tea kombucha (GTK) has emerged as a promising probiotic fermented beverage. Few studies have investigated its effect on human health, mainly focusing on intestinal health, microbiota composition, and metabolomics. The present study is a pioneer in investigating the effect of GTK consumption in...
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2024-11-01
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| author | Gabriela Macedo Fraiz Dandara Baia Bonifácio Udielle Vermelho Lacerda Rodrigo Rezende Cardoso Viviana Corich Alessio Giacomini Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino Sergio Esteban-Echeverría Ana Romo-Hualde David Muñoz-Prieto Frederico Augusto Ribeiro de Barros Fermín I. Milagro Josefina Bressan |
| author_facet | Gabriela Macedo Fraiz Dandara Baia Bonifácio Udielle Vermelho Lacerda Rodrigo Rezende Cardoso Viviana Corich Alessio Giacomini Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino Sergio Esteban-Echeverría Ana Romo-Hualde David Muñoz-Prieto Frederico Augusto Ribeiro de Barros Fermín I. Milagro Josefina Bressan |
| author_sort | Gabriela Macedo Fraiz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Green tea kombucha (GTK) has emerged as a promising probiotic fermented beverage. Few studies have investigated its effect on human health, mainly focusing on intestinal health, microbiota composition, and metabolomics. The present study is a pioneer in investigating the effect of GTK consumption in individuals with excess body weight. This is a randomized controlled trial, lasting ten weeks, with two groups placed under an energy-restricted diet: control (CG, <i>n</i> = 29), kombucha (KG, <i>n</i> = 30; 200 mL/d). Biological samples and questionnaires were collected before and after the intervention. Microbiota analysis used an amplification of the V4 region of 16S rRNA. Serum untargeted metabolomics used HPLC-TOF mass spectrometry. Intestinal permeability considered the urine excretion of lactulose and mannitol, plasma zonulin, and LPS-binding protein. After the intervention, no differences related to intestinal permeability and microbiota were found between groups, but only the CG had increased fecal pH, lactulose/mannitol ratio, and zonulin. In addition to this, the KG reported lower gastrointestinal symptoms related to motility compared to the CG, and discriminant metabolites (e.g., diethyl malonate) were found strictly in the KG. GTK did not significantly improve gut microbiota and intestinal permeability. However, GTK ameliorated gastrointestinal symptoms and positively influenced the serum metabolome, which may contribute to enhancing the metabolic health of individuals with excess body weight. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9a84fb8b877a41dba0a329b76de6525d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-9a84fb8b877a41dba0a329b76de6525d2024-11-26T18:04:38ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582024-11-011322363510.3390/foods13223635The Impact of Green Tea Kombucha on the Intestinal Health, Gut Microbiota, and Serum Metabolome of Individuals with Excess Body Weight in a Weight Loss Intervention: A Randomized Controlled TrialGabriela Macedo Fraiz0Dandara Baia Bonifácio1Udielle Vermelho Lacerda2Rodrigo Rezende Cardoso3Viviana Corich4Alessio Giacomini5Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino6Sergio Esteban-Echeverría7Ana Romo-Hualde8David Muñoz-Prieto9Frederico Augusto Ribeiro de Barros10Fermín I. Milagro11Josefina Bressan12Department of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, BrazilDepartment of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, BrazilDepartment of Food and Technology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, BrazilDepartment of Food and Technology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, BrazilDepartment of Agronomy, Food Natural Resources, and Environment (DAFNAE), Università degli Studi di Padova, 35020 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Agronomy, Food Natural Resources, and Environment (DAFNAE), Università degli Studi di Padova, 35020 Padova, ItalyDepartment of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, BrazilDepartment of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Food and Technology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, BrazilDepartment of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Centre for Nutrition Research, Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, SpainDepartment of Nutrition and Health, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, BrazilGreen tea kombucha (GTK) has emerged as a promising probiotic fermented beverage. Few studies have investigated its effect on human health, mainly focusing on intestinal health, microbiota composition, and metabolomics. The present study is a pioneer in investigating the effect of GTK consumption in individuals with excess body weight. This is a randomized controlled trial, lasting ten weeks, with two groups placed under an energy-restricted diet: control (CG, <i>n</i> = 29), kombucha (KG, <i>n</i> = 30; 200 mL/d). Biological samples and questionnaires were collected before and after the intervention. Microbiota analysis used an amplification of the V4 region of 16S rRNA. Serum untargeted metabolomics used HPLC-TOF mass spectrometry. Intestinal permeability considered the urine excretion of lactulose and mannitol, plasma zonulin, and LPS-binding protein. After the intervention, no differences related to intestinal permeability and microbiota were found between groups, but only the CG had increased fecal pH, lactulose/mannitol ratio, and zonulin. In addition to this, the KG reported lower gastrointestinal symptoms related to motility compared to the CG, and discriminant metabolites (e.g., diethyl malonate) were found strictly in the KG. GTK did not significantly improve gut microbiota and intestinal permeability. However, GTK ameliorated gastrointestinal symptoms and positively influenced the serum metabolome, which may contribute to enhancing the metabolic health of individuals with excess body weight.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/22/3635fermented foodgastrointestinal microbial communityintestinal permeabilitymetabolomicsobesity |
| spellingShingle | Gabriela Macedo Fraiz Dandara Baia Bonifácio Udielle Vermelho Lacerda Rodrigo Rezende Cardoso Viviana Corich Alessio Giacomini Hércia Stampini Duarte Martino Sergio Esteban-Echeverría Ana Romo-Hualde David Muñoz-Prieto Frederico Augusto Ribeiro de Barros Fermín I. Milagro Josefina Bressan The Impact of Green Tea Kombucha on the Intestinal Health, Gut Microbiota, and Serum Metabolome of Individuals with Excess Body Weight in a Weight Loss Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial Foods fermented food gastrointestinal microbial community intestinal permeability metabolomics obesity |
| title | The Impact of Green Tea Kombucha on the Intestinal Health, Gut Microbiota, and Serum Metabolome of Individuals with Excess Body Weight in a Weight Loss Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_full | The Impact of Green Tea Kombucha on the Intestinal Health, Gut Microbiota, and Serum Metabolome of Individuals with Excess Body Weight in a Weight Loss Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of Green Tea Kombucha on the Intestinal Health, Gut Microbiota, and Serum Metabolome of Individuals with Excess Body Weight in a Weight Loss Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Green Tea Kombucha on the Intestinal Health, Gut Microbiota, and Serum Metabolome of Individuals with Excess Body Weight in a Weight Loss Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_short | The Impact of Green Tea Kombucha on the Intestinal Health, Gut Microbiota, and Serum Metabolome of Individuals with Excess Body Weight in a Weight Loss Intervention: A Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_sort | impact of green tea kombucha on the intestinal health gut microbiota and serum metabolome of individuals with excess body weight in a weight loss intervention a randomized controlled trial |
| topic | fermented food gastrointestinal microbial community intestinal permeability metabolomics obesity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/13/22/3635 |
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