Highly accurate method for solving forced Duffing equations with integral boundary conditions

Abstract The main goal of this paper is to come up with a new numerical algorithm for solving a second-order forced Duffing equation (FDUE) with integral boundary conditions (IBCs). This paper builds a modified shifted Legendre polynomials’ (SLPs) function basis that satisfies homogeneous IBCs, name...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Author: H. M. Ahmed
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-07-01
Series:Boundary Value Problems
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13661-025-02095-7
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