On the performance of electrocoagulation treatment of high-loaded gray water: kinetic modeling and parameters optimization via response surface methodology
Abstract This study explores the electrocoagulation (EC) treatment of high-loaded gray water (HLGW), with the goal of optimizing operating parameters such as current densities (C d) and EC time. Moreover, the research examines the kinetics involved in the removal of COD, color, and turbidity from HL...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Applied Water Science |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-025-02451-z |
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| author | Khalid Bani-Melhem Mohammad Alnaief Zakaria Al-Qodah Mohammad Al-Shannag Haitham Elnakar Nawzat AlJbour Muhammad Alu’datt Mohammad Alrosan Ezelden Ezelden |
| author_facet | Khalid Bani-Melhem Mohammad Alnaief Zakaria Al-Qodah Mohammad Al-Shannag Haitham Elnakar Nawzat AlJbour Muhammad Alu’datt Mohammad Alrosan Ezelden Ezelden |
| author_sort | Khalid Bani-Melhem |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study explores the electrocoagulation (EC) treatment of high-loaded gray water (HLGW), with the goal of optimizing operating parameters such as current densities (C d) and EC time. Moreover, the research examines the kinetics involved in the removal of COD, color, and turbidity from HLGW. Various HLGW samples were treated at different current densities over a 90-min EC period. Kinetic analysis shows that COD removal follows a second-order model, while turbidity and color removal adhere to a pseudo-first-order model, with parameters dependent on C d. The findings indicate that pollutant removal improves with longer EC treatment times and higher C d values. At lower C d levels, removal efficiencies for COD and color are relatively low, even with a 90-min EC treatment. However, at a higher C d (20 mA/cm2), there is a substantial increase in removal efficiency, with 85% removal for both COD and color within the same duration. Turbidity is completely removed when the C d is set to 10 mA/cm2 after 45 min of EC treatment. These results highlight that achieving high pollutant removal from HLGW requires high energy consumption. As a result, combining EC with other processes, either as a pre-treatment or post-treatment step, may address the challenges faced by standalone EC systems. Using response surface methodology (RSM), optimal operating conditions were determined, achieving pollutant removals of 76.4% for COD, 80.5% for color, and 98.5% for turbidity, with a minimum energy consumption of 5.07 kWh/m3 at an EC time of 44 min and a C d of 15.5 mA/cm2. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-965e2eb811aa42bda4de1e63ee31a8e4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2190-5487 2190-5495 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Water Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-965e2eb811aa42bda4de1e63ee31a8e42025-08-20T03:46:28ZengSpringerOpenApplied Water Science2190-54872190-54952025-04-0115512110.1007/s13201-025-02451-zOn the performance of electrocoagulation treatment of high-loaded gray water: kinetic modeling and parameters optimization via response surface methodologyKhalid Bani-Melhem0Mohammad Alnaief1Zakaria Al-Qodah2Mohammad Al-Shannag3Haitham Elnakar4Nawzat AlJbour5Muhammad Alu’datt6Mohammad Alrosan7Ezelden Ezelden8Center for Advanced Materials (CAM), Qatar UniversityPharmaceutical and Chemical Engineering Department, School of Applied Medical Sciences, German Jordanian UniversityChemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering Technology, Al-Balqa Applied UniversityDepartment of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of JordanDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and MineralsFaculty of Pharmacy, Middle East UniversityDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Life Sciences, Kuwait UniversityQU Health, College of Health Sciences, Qatar UniversityDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar UniversityAbstract This study explores the electrocoagulation (EC) treatment of high-loaded gray water (HLGW), with the goal of optimizing operating parameters such as current densities (C d) and EC time. Moreover, the research examines the kinetics involved in the removal of COD, color, and turbidity from HLGW. Various HLGW samples were treated at different current densities over a 90-min EC period. Kinetic analysis shows that COD removal follows a second-order model, while turbidity and color removal adhere to a pseudo-first-order model, with parameters dependent on C d. The findings indicate that pollutant removal improves with longer EC treatment times and higher C d values. At lower C d levels, removal efficiencies for COD and color are relatively low, even with a 90-min EC treatment. However, at a higher C d (20 mA/cm2), there is a substantial increase in removal efficiency, with 85% removal for both COD and color within the same duration. Turbidity is completely removed when the C d is set to 10 mA/cm2 after 45 min of EC treatment. These results highlight that achieving high pollutant removal from HLGW requires high energy consumption. As a result, combining EC with other processes, either as a pre-treatment or post-treatment step, may address the challenges faced by standalone EC systems. Using response surface methodology (RSM), optimal operating conditions were determined, achieving pollutant removals of 76.4% for COD, 80.5% for color, and 98.5% for turbidity, with a minimum energy consumption of 5.07 kWh/m3 at an EC time of 44 min and a C d of 15.5 mA/cm2.https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-025-02451-zHigh-loaded gray waterBatch electrocoagulationKinetic analysisResponse surface methodologyAluminum electrodes |
| spellingShingle | Khalid Bani-Melhem Mohammad Alnaief Zakaria Al-Qodah Mohammad Al-Shannag Haitham Elnakar Nawzat AlJbour Muhammad Alu’datt Mohammad Alrosan Ezelden Ezelden On the performance of electrocoagulation treatment of high-loaded gray water: kinetic modeling and parameters optimization via response surface methodology Applied Water Science High-loaded gray water Batch electrocoagulation Kinetic analysis Response surface methodology Aluminum electrodes |
| title | On the performance of electrocoagulation treatment of high-loaded gray water: kinetic modeling and parameters optimization via response surface methodology |
| title_full | On the performance of electrocoagulation treatment of high-loaded gray water: kinetic modeling and parameters optimization via response surface methodology |
| title_fullStr | On the performance of electrocoagulation treatment of high-loaded gray water: kinetic modeling and parameters optimization via response surface methodology |
| title_full_unstemmed | On the performance of electrocoagulation treatment of high-loaded gray water: kinetic modeling and parameters optimization via response surface methodology |
| title_short | On the performance of electrocoagulation treatment of high-loaded gray water: kinetic modeling and parameters optimization via response surface methodology |
| title_sort | on the performance of electrocoagulation treatment of high loaded gray water kinetic modeling and parameters optimization via response surface methodology |
| topic | High-loaded gray water Batch electrocoagulation Kinetic analysis Response surface methodology Aluminum electrodes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s13201-025-02451-z |
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