Identifying propionate metabolism-related genes as biomarkers of sepsis development and therapeutic targets

Abstract The treatment of sepsis is challenging due to unclear mechanisms. Propionate is increasingly seen as critical to sepsis pathophysiology by bridging gut microbiota and immunity, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Our study analysed differences in propionate metabolism in peripheral blood mon...

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Main Authors: Lechen Yang, Weifeng Shang, Dongjie Chen, Hang Qian, Sheng Zhang, Xiaojun Pan, Sisi Huang, Jiao Liu, Dechang Chen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06463-2
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author Lechen Yang
Weifeng Shang
Dongjie Chen
Hang Qian
Sheng Zhang
Xiaojun Pan
Sisi Huang
Jiao Liu
Dechang Chen
author_facet Lechen Yang
Weifeng Shang
Dongjie Chen
Hang Qian
Sheng Zhang
Xiaojun Pan
Sisi Huang
Jiao Liu
Dechang Chen
author_sort Lechen Yang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The treatment of sepsis is challenging due to unclear mechanisms. Propionate is increasingly seen as critical to sepsis pathophysiology by bridging gut microbiota and immunity, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Our study analysed differences in propionate metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from septic patients and healthy controls using single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis, pathway enrichment, transcription factor (TF) prediction, intercellular communication, and trajectory inference were used to explore the role of propionate metabolism in sepsis. We constructed a sepsis diagnostic model using LASSO and machine learning (XGBoost, CatBoost, NGBoost) with bulk RNA-seq data. scRNA-seq analysis revealed that propionate metabolism was highest in plasma cells (PCs), which can be classified into high and low metabolism groups, identifying 9,155 DEGs. High propionate metabolism was associated with metabolism such as short-chain fatty acids, while low metabolism was related to negative regulation of wound healing. The DoRothEA regulator algorithm showed TFs such as IRF4, ARID3A, FOXO4, and ATF2 were activated in high propionate metabolism subgroups, whereas NR5A1, BCL6, and CDX2 were activated in low subgroups. Cell-cell communication revealed that both groups interacted primarily with B cells and neutrophils, with the high propionate metabolism PCs showing more significant interactions. The receptor-ligand pairs primarily involved were VEGFA-FLT1 and VEGFB-FLT1, and the high propionate metabolism PCs and B cells might interact through BMP8B-BMPR2. Trajectory analysis indicated differentiation from B cells, first to low, then high propionate metabolism PCs. Finally, the LASSO algorithm identified 13 key genes, with the CatBoost model achieving perfect diagnostic performance (AUC = 1.000). These 13 key genes were validated through in vitro experiments. Collectively, these findings suggest that propionic acid metabolism may be a potential target for diagnosing and treating sepsis, offering new insights into its pathophysiology.
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spelling doaj-art-959ec5d7785d4d49b9ce5fbeda87a8822025-08-20T04:01:51ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-011511910.1038/s41598-025-06463-2Identifying propionate metabolism-related genes as biomarkers of sepsis development and therapeutic targetsLechen Yang0Weifeng Shang1Dongjie Chen2Hang Qian3Sheng Zhang4Xiaojun Pan5Sisi Huang6Jiao Liu7Dechang Chen8Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Pancreatic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineDepartment of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineAbstract The treatment of sepsis is challenging due to unclear mechanisms. Propionate is increasingly seen as critical to sepsis pathophysiology by bridging gut microbiota and immunity, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Our study analysed differences in propionate metabolism in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from septic patients and healthy controls using single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) data. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis, pathway enrichment, transcription factor (TF) prediction, intercellular communication, and trajectory inference were used to explore the role of propionate metabolism in sepsis. We constructed a sepsis diagnostic model using LASSO and machine learning (XGBoost, CatBoost, NGBoost) with bulk RNA-seq data. scRNA-seq analysis revealed that propionate metabolism was highest in plasma cells (PCs), which can be classified into high and low metabolism groups, identifying 9,155 DEGs. High propionate metabolism was associated with metabolism such as short-chain fatty acids, while low metabolism was related to negative regulation of wound healing. The DoRothEA regulator algorithm showed TFs such as IRF4, ARID3A, FOXO4, and ATF2 were activated in high propionate metabolism subgroups, whereas NR5A1, BCL6, and CDX2 were activated in low subgroups. Cell-cell communication revealed that both groups interacted primarily with B cells and neutrophils, with the high propionate metabolism PCs showing more significant interactions. The receptor-ligand pairs primarily involved were VEGFA-FLT1 and VEGFB-FLT1, and the high propionate metabolism PCs and B cells might interact through BMP8B-BMPR2. Trajectory analysis indicated differentiation from B cells, first to low, then high propionate metabolism PCs. Finally, the LASSO algorithm identified 13 key genes, with the CatBoost model achieving perfect diagnostic performance (AUC = 1.000). These 13 key genes were validated through in vitro experiments. Collectively, these findings suggest that propionic acid metabolism may be a potential target for diagnosing and treating sepsis, offering new insights into its pathophysiology.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06463-2SepsisPropionate metabolismPlasma cellsMachine learningDiagnostic modeling
spellingShingle Lechen Yang
Weifeng Shang
Dongjie Chen
Hang Qian
Sheng Zhang
Xiaojun Pan
Sisi Huang
Jiao Liu
Dechang Chen
Identifying propionate metabolism-related genes as biomarkers of sepsis development and therapeutic targets
Scientific Reports
Sepsis
Propionate metabolism
Plasma cells
Machine learning
Diagnostic modeling
title Identifying propionate metabolism-related genes as biomarkers of sepsis development and therapeutic targets
title_full Identifying propionate metabolism-related genes as biomarkers of sepsis development and therapeutic targets
title_fullStr Identifying propionate metabolism-related genes as biomarkers of sepsis development and therapeutic targets
title_full_unstemmed Identifying propionate metabolism-related genes as biomarkers of sepsis development and therapeutic targets
title_short Identifying propionate metabolism-related genes as biomarkers of sepsis development and therapeutic targets
title_sort identifying propionate metabolism related genes as biomarkers of sepsis development and therapeutic targets
topic Sepsis
Propionate metabolism
Plasma cells
Machine learning
Diagnostic modeling
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06463-2
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