Growth Hormone and Heart Failure: Implications for Patient Stratification, Prognosis, and Precision Medicine

Growth Hormone and Heart Failure: Implications for Patient Stratification, Prognosis, and Precision Medicine

Heart failure (HF) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. While standard treatments primarily target neurohormonal pathways, emerging evidence highlights the significant role of hormonal deficiencies, such as impaired growth hormone (GH) signaling, in HF progression and outcomes...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Nikolaos Theodorakis, Magdalini Kreouzi, Christos Hitas, Dimitrios Anagnostou, Maria Nikolaou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Diagnostics
Subjects:
growth hormone
insulin-like growth factor-I
heart failure
anabolic hormones
multiple hormonal deficiency syndrome
randomized controlled trials
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/24/2831
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