Initial Mass Functions of Young Stellar Clusters from the Gemini Spectroscopic Survey of Nearby Galaxies. I. Young Massive Clusters in the Antennae Galaxies

The stellar initial mass function (IMF) is a key parameter to understand the star formation process and the integrated properties of stellar populations in remote galaxies. We present a spectroscopic study of young massive clusters (YMCs) in the starburst galaxies NGC 4038/9. The integrated spectra...

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Main Authors: Jae-Rim Koo, Hyun-Jeong Kim, Beomdu Lim
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IOP Publishing 2024-01-01
Series:The Astronomical Journal
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad8e3b
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author Jae-Rim Koo
Hyun-Jeong Kim
Beomdu Lim
author_facet Jae-Rim Koo
Hyun-Jeong Kim
Beomdu Lim
author_sort Jae-Rim Koo
collection DOAJ
description The stellar initial mass function (IMF) is a key parameter to understand the star formation process and the integrated properties of stellar populations in remote galaxies. We present a spectroscopic study of young massive clusters (YMCs) in the starburst galaxies NGC 4038/9. The integrated spectra of seven YMCs obtained with GMOS-S attached to the 8.1 m Gemini South telescope reveal the spectral features associated with stellar ages and the underlying IMFs. We constrain the ages of the YMCs using the absorption lines and strong emission bands from Wolf–Rayet stars. The internal reddening is also estimated from the strength of the Na i D absorption lines. Based on these constraints, the observed spectra are matched with the synthetic spectra generated from a simple stellar population model. Several parameters of the clusters including age, reddening, cluster mass, and the underlying IMF are derived from the spectral matching. The ages of the YMCs range from 2.5 to 6.5 Myr, and these clusters contain stellar masses ranging from 1.6 × 10 ^5 M _☉ to 7.9 × 10 ^7 M _☉ . The underlying IMFs appear to differ from the universal form of the Salpeter/Kroupa IMF. Interestingly, massive clusters tend to have the bottom-heavy IMFs, although the masses of some clusters are overestimated due to the crowding effect. Based on this, our results suggest that the universal form of the IMF is not always valid when analyzing integrated light from unresolved stellar systems. However, further study with a larger sample size is required to reach a definite conclusion.
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spelling doaj-art-924c5937a3194b1aadf5eba056c6c7e72024-12-05T09:36:10ZengIOP PublishingThe Astronomical Journal1538-38812024-01-011691710.3847/1538-3881/ad8e3bInitial Mass Functions of Young Stellar Clusters from the Gemini Spectroscopic Survey of Nearby Galaxies. I. Young Massive Clusters in the Antennae GalaxiesJae-Rim Koo0https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8969-0009Hyun-Jeong Kim1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9263-3275Beomdu Lim2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5797-9828Earth Environment Research Center, Kongju National University , 56 Gongjudaehak-ro, Gongju-si, Chungcheongnam-do 32588, Republic of Korea ; blim@kongju.ac.krEarth Environment Research Center, Kongju National University , 56 Gongjudaehak-ro, Gongju-si, Chungcheongnam-do 32588, Republic of Korea ; blim@kongju.ac.kr; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of KoreaEarth Environment Research Center, Kongju National University , 56 Gongjudaehak-ro, Gongju-si, Chungcheongnam-do 32588, Republic of Korea ; blim@kongju.ac.kr; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute , 776 Daedeok-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34055, Republic of Korea; Department of Earth Science Education, Kongju National University , 56 Gongjudaehak-ro, Gongju-si, Chungcheongnam-do 32588, Republic of KoreaThe stellar initial mass function (IMF) is a key parameter to understand the star formation process and the integrated properties of stellar populations in remote galaxies. We present a spectroscopic study of young massive clusters (YMCs) in the starburst galaxies NGC 4038/9. The integrated spectra of seven YMCs obtained with GMOS-S attached to the 8.1 m Gemini South telescope reveal the spectral features associated with stellar ages and the underlying IMFs. We constrain the ages of the YMCs using the absorption lines and strong emission bands from Wolf–Rayet stars. The internal reddening is also estimated from the strength of the Na i D absorption lines. Based on these constraints, the observed spectra are matched with the synthetic spectra generated from a simple stellar population model. Several parameters of the clusters including age, reddening, cluster mass, and the underlying IMF are derived from the spectral matching. The ages of the YMCs range from 2.5 to 6.5 Myr, and these clusters contain stellar masses ranging from 1.6 × 10 ^5 M _☉ to 7.9 × 10 ^7 M _☉ . The underlying IMFs appear to differ from the universal form of the Salpeter/Kroupa IMF. Interestingly, massive clusters tend to have the bottom-heavy IMFs, although the masses of some clusters are overestimated due to the crowding effect. Based on this, our results suggest that the universal form of the IMF is not always valid when analyzing integrated light from unresolved stellar systems. However, further study with a larger sample size is required to reach a definite conclusion.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad8e3bStar forming regionsStarburst galaxiesStellar mass functionsYoung massive clusters
spellingShingle Jae-Rim Koo
Hyun-Jeong Kim
Beomdu Lim
Initial Mass Functions of Young Stellar Clusters from the Gemini Spectroscopic Survey of Nearby Galaxies. I. Young Massive Clusters in the Antennae Galaxies
The Astronomical Journal
Star forming regions
Starburst galaxies
Stellar mass functions
Young massive clusters
title Initial Mass Functions of Young Stellar Clusters from the Gemini Spectroscopic Survey of Nearby Galaxies. I. Young Massive Clusters in the Antennae Galaxies
title_full Initial Mass Functions of Young Stellar Clusters from the Gemini Spectroscopic Survey of Nearby Galaxies. I. Young Massive Clusters in the Antennae Galaxies
title_fullStr Initial Mass Functions of Young Stellar Clusters from the Gemini Spectroscopic Survey of Nearby Galaxies. I. Young Massive Clusters in the Antennae Galaxies
title_full_unstemmed Initial Mass Functions of Young Stellar Clusters from the Gemini Spectroscopic Survey of Nearby Galaxies. I. Young Massive Clusters in the Antennae Galaxies
title_short Initial Mass Functions of Young Stellar Clusters from the Gemini Spectroscopic Survey of Nearby Galaxies. I. Young Massive Clusters in the Antennae Galaxies
title_sort initial mass functions of young stellar clusters from the gemini spectroscopic survey of nearby galaxies i young massive clusters in the antennae galaxies
topic Star forming regions
Starburst galaxies
Stellar mass functions
Young massive clusters
url https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-3881/ad8e3b
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