Impact of microplastics on the human gut microbiome: a systematic review of microbial composition, diversity, and metabolic disruptions

Abstract Global plastic waste production remains a critical environmental issue. Microplastics (MPs), plastic particles less than 5 mm, are now pervasive across ecosystems. Humans are exposed to MPs via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact raising concerns about their health impacts. This syste...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zar Soe Thin, Jactty Chew, Timothy Yu Yee Ong, Raja Affendi Raja Ali, Lai Ti Gew
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Gastroenterology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12876-025-04140-2
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