100 s -level particle accelerators driven by high-density electron beams in micro structured carbon nanotube forest channel
Solid-state materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have the potential to support ultra-high accelerating fields in the $\mathrm{TV\,m^{-1}}$ range for charged particle acceleration. In this study, we explore the feasibility of using nanostructured CNTs forest to develop plasma-based accelerator...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | New Journal of Physics |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/adf87d |
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| author | Bifeng Lei Hao Zhang Cristian Bonţoiu Alexandre Bonatto Javier Resta-López Guoxing Xia Bin Qiao Carsten Welsch |
| author_facet | Bifeng Lei Hao Zhang Cristian Bonţoiu Alexandre Bonatto Javier Resta-López Guoxing Xia Bin Qiao Carsten Welsch |
| author_sort | Bifeng Lei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Solid-state materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have the potential to support ultra-high accelerating fields in the $\mathrm{TV\,m^{-1}}$ range for charged particle acceleration. In this study, we explore the feasibility of using nanostructured CNTs forest to develop plasma-based accelerators at the $100\,\mathrm s\,\mathrm{TeV}$ -level, driven by high-density, ultra-relativistic electron beams, using fully three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Two different acceleration mechanisms are proposed and investigated: the surface plasmon leakage field and the bubble wakefield. The leakage field, driven by a relatively low-density beam, can achieve an acceleration field up to $\mathrm{TV\,m^{-1}}$ , capable of accelerating both electron and positron beams. In particular, due to the direct acceleration by the driver beam, the positron acceleration is highly efficient with an average acceleration gradient of $2.3\,\mathrm{TeV\,m^{-1}}$ . In contrast, the bubble wakefield mechanism allows significantly higher acceleration fields, e.g. beyond $400\,\mathrm{TV\,m^{-1}}$ , with a much higher energy transfer efficiency of 66.7%. In principle, electrons can be accelerated to PeV energies over distances of several meters. If the beam density is sufficiently high, the CNT target will be completely blown out, where no accelerating field is generated. Its threshold has been estimated. Two major challenges in these schemes are recognised and investigated. Leveraging the ultra-high energy and charge pumping rate of the driver beam, the nanostructured CNTs also offer significant potential for a wide range of advanced applications. This work represents a promising avenue for the development of ultra-compact, high-energy particle accelerators. We also outline conceptual experiments using currently available facilities, demonstrating that this approach is experimentally accessible. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8d4d3e48a38b4d1fb5658c68b5fa8c6b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1367-2630 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | New Journal of Physics |
| spelling | doaj-art-8d4d3e48a38b4d1fb5658c68b5fa8c6b2025-08-22T11:44:51ZengIOP PublishingNew Journal of Physics1367-26302025-01-0127808430110.1088/1367-2630/adf87d100 s -level particle accelerators driven by high-density electron beams in micro structured carbon nanotube forest channelBifeng Lei0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3932-6150Hao Zhang1Cristian Bonţoiu2Alexandre Bonatto3Javier Resta-López4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1178-5136Guoxing Xia5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3683-386XBin Qiao6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7174-5577Carsten Welsch7Department of Physics, The University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom; Cockcroft Institute , Warrington WA4 4AD, United KingdomDepartment of Physics, The University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom; Cockcroft Institute , Warrington WA4 4AD, United KingdomDepartment of Physics, The University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom; Cockcroft Institute , Warrington WA4 4AD, United KingdomFederal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre , Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, BrazilICMUV, Universidad de Valencia , 46071 Valencia, SpainCockcroft Institute , Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom; Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester , Manchester M13 9PL, United KingdomCenter for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, and SKLNPT, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of ChinaDepartment of Physics, The University of Liverpool , Liverpool L69 3BX, United Kingdom; Cockcroft Institute , Warrington WA4 4AD, United KingdomSolid-state materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have the potential to support ultra-high accelerating fields in the $\mathrm{TV\,m^{-1}}$ range for charged particle acceleration. In this study, we explore the feasibility of using nanostructured CNTs forest to develop plasma-based accelerators at the $100\,\mathrm s\,\mathrm{TeV}$ -level, driven by high-density, ultra-relativistic electron beams, using fully three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. Two different acceleration mechanisms are proposed and investigated: the surface plasmon leakage field and the bubble wakefield. The leakage field, driven by a relatively low-density beam, can achieve an acceleration field up to $\mathrm{TV\,m^{-1}}$ , capable of accelerating both electron and positron beams. In particular, due to the direct acceleration by the driver beam, the positron acceleration is highly efficient with an average acceleration gradient of $2.3\,\mathrm{TeV\,m^{-1}}$ . In contrast, the bubble wakefield mechanism allows significantly higher acceleration fields, e.g. beyond $400\,\mathrm{TV\,m^{-1}}$ , with a much higher energy transfer efficiency of 66.7%. In principle, electrons can be accelerated to PeV energies over distances of several meters. If the beam density is sufficiently high, the CNT target will be completely blown out, where no accelerating field is generated. Its threshold has been estimated. Two major challenges in these schemes are recognised and investigated. Leveraging the ultra-high energy and charge pumping rate of the driver beam, the nanostructured CNTs also offer significant potential for a wide range of advanced applications. This work represents a promising avenue for the development of ultra-compact, high-energy particle accelerators. We also outline conceptual experiments using currently available facilities, demonstrating that this approach is experimentally accessible.https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/adf87dcarbon nanotubeacceleratorshigh-density electronplasma accelerators |
| spellingShingle | Bifeng Lei Hao Zhang Cristian Bonţoiu Alexandre Bonatto Javier Resta-López Guoxing Xia Bin Qiao Carsten Welsch 100 s -level particle accelerators driven by high-density electron beams in micro structured carbon nanotube forest channel New Journal of Physics carbon nanotube accelerators high-density electron plasma accelerators |
| title | 100 s -level particle accelerators driven by high-density electron beams in micro structured carbon nanotube forest channel |
| title_full | 100 s -level particle accelerators driven by high-density electron beams in micro structured carbon nanotube forest channel |
| title_fullStr | 100 s -level particle accelerators driven by high-density electron beams in micro structured carbon nanotube forest channel |
| title_full_unstemmed | 100 s -level particle accelerators driven by high-density electron beams in micro structured carbon nanotube forest channel |
| title_short | 100 s -level particle accelerators driven by high-density electron beams in micro structured carbon nanotube forest channel |
| title_sort | 100 s level particle accelerators driven by high density electron beams in micro structured carbon nanotube forest channel |
| topic | carbon nanotube accelerators high-density electron plasma accelerators |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/adf87d |
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