Association of Pre‐COVID Fitness With Post‐COVID Fitness and Long COVID in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Cohort Study
Background Cross‐sectional studies suggesting that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and long COVID are associated with reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) lack preinfection CRF measures. The objective of this study was to determine the association of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and long COVID with change in CRF. M...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
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| Online Access: | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.040629 |
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| author | Matthew S. Durstenfeld David Leonard Kelley Pettee Gabriel Carolyn E. Barlow Kerem Shuval Ryan Priest Andjelka Pavlovic Nina B. Radford Jarett D. Berry Michael J. Peluso Laura F. DeFina |
| author_facet | Matthew S. Durstenfeld David Leonard Kelley Pettee Gabriel Carolyn E. Barlow Kerem Shuval Ryan Priest Andjelka Pavlovic Nina B. Radford Jarett D. Berry Michael J. Peluso Laura F. DeFina |
| author_sort | Matthew S. Durstenfeld |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Cross‐sectional studies suggesting that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and long COVID are associated with reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) lack preinfection CRF measures. The objective of this study was to determine the association of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and long COVID with change in CRF. Methods Cooper Center Longitudinal Study is a cohort study based at the Cooper Clinic, a preventive medicine clinic in Dallas, Texas; we included adults ages 20 to 74 years old with CRF assessed at least twice between 2017 and 2023. COVID status was defined as “prepandemic” (2 CRF measures pre‐2020), “uninfected” (no self‐reported COVID), “recovered” (self‐reported COVID with symptoms ≤3 months), or “long COVID” (self‐reported COVID with symptoms >3 months). CRF was estimated in metabolic equivalents via a maximal modified Balke treadmill protocol. Results We included 4005 participants (mean age: 51.8 years, 26.8% women), of whom, 1666 (41.6%) reported COVID and 80 (4.8% of infected) reported long COVID along with 1826 uninfected and 513 pre‐pandemic controls. At baseline, those who later developed long COVID had lower CRF (10.0 metabolic equivalents, 11.1 recovered, 10.7 uninfected, 11.3 prepandemic; P<0.001). All groups exhibited minor decreases in CRF (~0.2 metabolic equivalents; P<0.001 for each). CRF decreased slightly more among the infected (−0.1 metabolic equivalents greater decrease [95% CI, −0.1 to 0.0]; P=0.02) but not by long COVID status (P=0.10). Conclusions Pre‐COVID fitness, on average, is lower among people who developed long COVID. COVID does not greatly accelerate age‐related declines in CRF, even among some with long COVID, although few included participants had severely disabling long COVID. Future longitudinal research will clarify if differences in CRF by infection status emerge over longer follow‐up. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8a1d031bc6674e65ad4da9b3c7d039b8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2047-9980 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease |
| spelling | doaj-art-8a1d031bc6674e65ad4da9b3c7d039b82025-08-20T03:48:11ZengWileyJournal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease2047-99802025-05-01141010.1161/JAHA.124.040629Association of Pre‐COVID Fitness With Post‐COVID Fitness and Long COVID in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Cohort StudyMatthew S. Durstenfeld0David Leonard1Kelley Pettee Gabriel2Carolyn E. Barlow3Kerem Shuval4Ryan Priest5Andjelka Pavlovic6Nina B. Radford7Jarett D. Berry8Michael J. Peluso9Laura F. DeFina10Division of Cardiology Zuckerberg San Francisco General, University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USAKenneth H Cooper Institute at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Dallas TX USADepartment of Epidemiology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham AL USAKenneth H Cooper Institute at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Dallas TX USAKenneth H Cooper Institute at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Dallas TX USAKenneth H Cooper Institute at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Dallas TX USAKenneth H Cooper Institute at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Dallas TX USACooper Clinic Dallas TX USADepartment of Medicine UT Tyler School of Medicine Tyler TX USADivision of HIV Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine at Zuckerberg San Francisco General, University of California San Francisco San Francisco CA USAKenneth H Cooper Institute at Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Dallas TX USABackground Cross‐sectional studies suggesting that SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and long COVID are associated with reduced cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) lack preinfection CRF measures. The objective of this study was to determine the association of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and long COVID with change in CRF. Methods Cooper Center Longitudinal Study is a cohort study based at the Cooper Clinic, a preventive medicine clinic in Dallas, Texas; we included adults ages 20 to 74 years old with CRF assessed at least twice between 2017 and 2023. COVID status was defined as “prepandemic” (2 CRF measures pre‐2020), “uninfected” (no self‐reported COVID), “recovered” (self‐reported COVID with symptoms ≤3 months), or “long COVID” (self‐reported COVID with symptoms >3 months). CRF was estimated in metabolic equivalents via a maximal modified Balke treadmill protocol. Results We included 4005 participants (mean age: 51.8 years, 26.8% women), of whom, 1666 (41.6%) reported COVID and 80 (4.8% of infected) reported long COVID along with 1826 uninfected and 513 pre‐pandemic controls. At baseline, those who later developed long COVID had lower CRF (10.0 metabolic equivalents, 11.1 recovered, 10.7 uninfected, 11.3 prepandemic; P<0.001). All groups exhibited minor decreases in CRF (~0.2 metabolic equivalents; P<0.001 for each). CRF decreased slightly more among the infected (−0.1 metabolic equivalents greater decrease [95% CI, −0.1 to 0.0]; P=0.02) but not by long COVID status (P=0.10). Conclusions Pre‐COVID fitness, on average, is lower among people who developed long COVID. COVID does not greatly accelerate age‐related declines in CRF, even among some with long COVID, although few included participants had severely disabling long COVID. Future longitudinal research will clarify if differences in CRF by infection status emerge over longer follow‐up.https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.040629cardiorespiratory fitnessCOVID‐19SARS‐CoV‐2 |
| spellingShingle | Matthew S. Durstenfeld David Leonard Kelley Pettee Gabriel Carolyn E. Barlow Kerem Shuval Ryan Priest Andjelka Pavlovic Nina B. Radford Jarett D. Berry Michael J. Peluso Laura F. DeFina Association of Pre‐COVID Fitness With Post‐COVID Fitness and Long COVID in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Cohort Study Journal of the American Heart Association: Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Disease cardiorespiratory fitness COVID‐19 SARS‐CoV‐2 |
| title | Association of Pre‐COVID Fitness With Post‐COVID Fitness and Long COVID in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Cohort Study |
| title_full | Association of Pre‐COVID Fitness With Post‐COVID Fitness and Long COVID in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Cohort Study |
| title_fullStr | Association of Pre‐COVID Fitness With Post‐COVID Fitness and Long COVID in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Cohort Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of Pre‐COVID Fitness With Post‐COVID Fitness and Long COVID in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Cohort Study |
| title_short | Association of Pre‐COVID Fitness With Post‐COVID Fitness and Long COVID in the Cooper Center Longitudinal Cohort Study |
| title_sort | association of pre covid fitness with post covid fitness and long covid in the cooper center longitudinal cohort study |
| topic | cardiorespiratory fitness COVID‐19 SARS‐CoV‐2 |
| url | https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/JAHA.124.040629 |
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