Optimization of synchronous grout properties and construction parameters for shield tunnels in soft soil

Abstract Improper synchronous grouting materials and construction parameters may cause the shield segments to float, resulting in tunnel dislocation, open joints, uneven deformation, and water leakage. This paper conducts tests on shield synchronous grout performance and presents a multi-objective o...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hui Jin, Enzhi Wang, Dajun Yuan, Xiaoli Liu, Shangkun Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11926-7
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