A Comprehensive Study on the Development of an Isotonic Sports Drink Preserved by UV-C Light Assisted by Mild Heat and Loaded with Yerba Mate (<i>Ilex paraguariensis</i> St. Hill.) Extract

A unique isotonic sports drink (ISD) was created in this study using a pilot-scale short-wave ultraviolet light (UV-C, 892 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>, 20 °C) assisted by mild heat (UV-C/H, 534 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>, 50 °C), which was followed by the addition of yerba mate (<i>Ilex p...

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Main Authors: María Luz Kozono, Magdalena Durán Cassiet, Antonella Andreone, Marcela L. Schenk, Sandra N. Guerrero
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Foods
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/9/1494
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author María Luz Kozono
Magdalena Durán Cassiet
Antonella Andreone
Marcela L. Schenk
Sandra N. Guerrero
author_facet María Luz Kozono
Magdalena Durán Cassiet
Antonella Andreone
Marcela L. Schenk
Sandra N. Guerrero
author_sort María Luz Kozono
collection DOAJ
description A unique isotonic sports drink (ISD) was created in this study using a pilot-scale short-wave ultraviolet light (UV-C, 892 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>, 20 °C) assisted by mild heat (UV-C/H, 534 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>, 50 °C), which was followed by the addition of yerba mate (<i>Ilex paraguariensis</i>) extract (YME). Consumer perception and microbiological and physicochemical stability during refrigerated storage (4 °C/23 d) were assessed for the ISD. <i>Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris</i> (AA) spores and cocktails of yeasts and <i>Escherichia coli</i> were considerably inactivated by UV-C/H. The TEM and SEM micrographs showed that AA evidenced sustained severe structural damage. Furthermore, UV-C/H completely inactivated the native microbiota, while YME incorporation increased the initial aerobic mesophilic and mold-and-yeast populations by 0.48 and 0.70 log cycles, remaining stable during storage. YME addition enhanced total polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity by 2.7–3.7, 16.5–16.7 and 6.6–24.0 times compared to the untreated ISD and ISD-UVC/H samples. Except for sedimentation and turbidity, the other physical characteristics mostly did not change (going from 1494 ± 382 to 2151 ± 106 NTU). The initial 5-HMF value in the ISD was raised by UV-C/H treatment and YME addition. Notwithstanding, it stayed below the allowed threshold throughout storage. ISD-UVC/H+YME had a high overall acceptability score; 60% of panelists gave the drink a score of seven or higher. Additionally, the herbal taste of YME was well liked, and its bitterness was perceived as mild. These findings suggest that including YME and the UV-C/H treatment can produce an ISD of superior quality with distinct sensory attributes.
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spelling doaj-art-7ea06eb8e32a4bc7b1e4c651877dde7c2025-08-20T03:49:22ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-04-01149149410.3390/foods14091494A Comprehensive Study on the Development of an Isotonic Sports Drink Preserved by UV-C Light Assisted by Mild Heat and Loaded with Yerba Mate (<i>Ilex paraguariensis</i> St. Hill.) ExtractMaría Luz Kozono0Magdalena Durán Cassiet1Antonella Andreone2Marcela L. Schenk3Sandra N. Guerrero4Institute of Food Technology and Chemical Processes (ITAPROQ), CONICET-University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences (FCEyN-UBA), Department of Industry, Ciudad Universitaria, Avenida Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, ArgentinaInstitute of Food Technology and Chemical Processes (ITAPROQ), CONICET-University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences (FCEyN-UBA), Department of Industry, Ciudad Universitaria, Avenida Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, ArgentinaInstitute of Food Technology and Chemical Processes (ITAPROQ), CONICET-University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences (FCEyN-UBA), Department of Industry, Ciudad Universitaria, Avenida Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, ArgentinaInstitute of Food Technology and Chemical Processes (ITAPROQ), CONICET-University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences (FCEyN-UBA), Department of Industry, Ciudad Universitaria, Avenida Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, ArgentinaInstitute of Food Technology and Chemical Processes (ITAPROQ), CONICET-University of Buenos Aires, Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences (FCEyN-UBA), Department of Industry, Ciudad Universitaria, Avenida Intendente Güiraldes 2160, Buenos Aires C1428EGA, ArgentinaA unique isotonic sports drink (ISD) was created in this study using a pilot-scale short-wave ultraviolet light (UV-C, 892 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>, 20 °C) assisted by mild heat (UV-C/H, 534 mJ/cm<sup>2</sup>, 50 °C), which was followed by the addition of yerba mate (<i>Ilex paraguariensis</i>) extract (YME). Consumer perception and microbiological and physicochemical stability during refrigerated storage (4 °C/23 d) were assessed for the ISD. <i>Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris</i> (AA) spores and cocktails of yeasts and <i>Escherichia coli</i> were considerably inactivated by UV-C/H. The TEM and SEM micrographs showed that AA evidenced sustained severe structural damage. Furthermore, UV-C/H completely inactivated the native microbiota, while YME incorporation increased the initial aerobic mesophilic and mold-and-yeast populations by 0.48 and 0.70 log cycles, remaining stable during storage. YME addition enhanced total polyphenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activity by 2.7–3.7, 16.5–16.7 and 6.6–24.0 times compared to the untreated ISD and ISD-UVC/H samples. Except for sedimentation and turbidity, the other physical characteristics mostly did not change (going from 1494 ± 382 to 2151 ± 106 NTU). The initial 5-HMF value in the ISD was raised by UV-C/H treatment and YME addition. Notwithstanding, it stayed below the allowed threshold throughout storage. ISD-UVC/H+YME had a high overall acceptability score; 60% of panelists gave the drink a score of seven or higher. Additionally, the herbal taste of YME was well liked, and its bitterness was perceived as mild. These findings suggest that including YME and the UV-C/H treatment can produce an ISD of superior quality with distinct sensory attributes.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/9/1494sports nutritionfunctional products<i>Ilex paraguariensis</i>bioactive compoundsgreen technology
spellingShingle María Luz Kozono
Magdalena Durán Cassiet
Antonella Andreone
Marcela L. Schenk
Sandra N. Guerrero
A Comprehensive Study on the Development of an Isotonic Sports Drink Preserved by UV-C Light Assisted by Mild Heat and Loaded with Yerba Mate (<i>Ilex paraguariensis</i> St. Hill.) Extract
Foods
sports nutrition
functional products
<i>Ilex paraguariensis</i>
bioactive compounds
green technology
title A Comprehensive Study on the Development of an Isotonic Sports Drink Preserved by UV-C Light Assisted by Mild Heat and Loaded with Yerba Mate (<i>Ilex paraguariensis</i> St. Hill.) Extract
title_full A Comprehensive Study on the Development of an Isotonic Sports Drink Preserved by UV-C Light Assisted by Mild Heat and Loaded with Yerba Mate (<i>Ilex paraguariensis</i> St. Hill.) Extract
title_fullStr A Comprehensive Study on the Development of an Isotonic Sports Drink Preserved by UV-C Light Assisted by Mild Heat and Loaded with Yerba Mate (<i>Ilex paraguariensis</i> St. Hill.) Extract
title_full_unstemmed A Comprehensive Study on the Development of an Isotonic Sports Drink Preserved by UV-C Light Assisted by Mild Heat and Loaded with Yerba Mate (<i>Ilex paraguariensis</i> St. Hill.) Extract
title_short A Comprehensive Study on the Development of an Isotonic Sports Drink Preserved by UV-C Light Assisted by Mild Heat and Loaded with Yerba Mate (<i>Ilex paraguariensis</i> St. Hill.) Extract
title_sort comprehensive study on the development of an isotonic sports drink preserved by uv c light assisted by mild heat and loaded with yerba mate i ilex paraguariensis i st hill extract
topic sports nutrition
functional products
<i>Ilex paraguariensis</i>
bioactive compounds
green technology
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/9/1494
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