Long term urban wastewater irrigation drives zinc bioaccumulation and health risks in contaminated vegetables

Long term urban wastewater irrigation drives zinc bioaccumulation and health risks in contaminated vegetables

Abstract Zinc (Zn) is a vital plant nutrient, and its judicious use is required for plant growth, development, and productivity. This study assessed the uptake of zinc in kitchen vegetables after being treated with wastewater (WW), canal water (CW), or tube well water (TW). Samples of water, soil an...

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Main Authors: Shahzad Akhtar, Ahmed Muneeb, Zafar Iqbal Khan, Iram Saba, Kafeel Ahmad, Mohammad Faisal, Abdulrahman A. Alatar, Muhammad Iftikhar Hussain, Rana Muhammad Zubair, Muhammad Nadeem
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Bioaccumulation
Enrichment factor
Geoaccumulation index
Pollution indices
Target hazard quotient
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06026-5
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https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06026-5

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