Artificial intelligence in retinal image analysis for hypertensive retinopathy diagnosis: a comprehensive review and perspective

Abstract Hypertensive retinopathy (HR) occurs when the choroidal vessels, which form the photosensitive layer at the back of the eye, are injured owing to high blood pressure. Artificial intelligence (AI) in retinal image analysis (RIA) for HR diagnosis involves the use of advanced computational alg...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Rajendra Kankrale, Manesh Kokare
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-05-01
Series:Visual Computing for Industry, Biomedicine, and Art
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s42492-025-00194-x
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