Simultaneous, Non-Contact and Motion-Based Monitoring of Respiratory Rate in Sheep Under Experimental Condition Using Visible and Near-Infrared Videos
The validation of methods for understanding the effects of many diseases and treatments requires the use of animal models in translational research. In this context, sheep have been employed extensively in scientific studies. However, the imposition of experimental conditions upon these animals may...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/23/3398 |
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| author | Beatriz Leandro Bonafini Lukas Breuer Lisa Ernst René Tolba Lucas Ferrari de Oliveira Mauren Abreu de Souza Michael Czaplik Carina Barbosa Pereira |
| author_facet | Beatriz Leandro Bonafini Lukas Breuer Lisa Ernst René Tolba Lucas Ferrari de Oliveira Mauren Abreu de Souza Michael Czaplik Carina Barbosa Pereira |
| author_sort | Beatriz Leandro Bonafini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The validation of methods for understanding the effects of many diseases and treatments requires the use of animal models in translational research. In this context, sheep have been employed extensively in scientific studies. However, the imposition of experimental conditions upon these animals may result in the experience of discomfort, pain, and stress. The ethical debates surrounding the use of animals in research have resulted in the adoption of Directive 2010/63/EU. The present study proposes a non-contact method for monitoring the respiration rate of sheep based on video processing. The Detecron2 model was trained to segment the sheep’s body, abdominal, and facial regions in the video frames. A motion-tracking algorithm was developed to assess abdominal movement associated with the sheep’s respiratory cycle. The method was applied to videos of Rhön sheep under experimental and housing conditions, utilising two types of cameras to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The mean average error (MAE) obtained was 0.79 breaths/minute for the visible and 1.83 breaths/minute for the near-infrared (NIR) method. This study demonstrates the feasibility of video technology for simultaneous and non-invasive respiration monitoring, being a crucial parameter for assessing the health deterioration of multiple laboratory animals. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-78b06e7ff6a2497d9b61b553a16d9494 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj-art-78b06e7ff6a2497d9b61b553a16d94942024-12-13T16:21:03ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152024-11-011423339810.3390/ani14233398Simultaneous, Non-Contact and Motion-Based Monitoring of Respiratory Rate in Sheep Under Experimental Condition Using Visible and Near-Infrared VideosBeatriz Leandro Bonafini0Lukas Breuer1Lisa Ernst2René Tolba3Lucas Ferrari de Oliveira4Mauren Abreu de Souza5Michael Czaplik6Carina Barbosa Pereira7Post Graduate Program in Technology in Health, Polytechnique School, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, BrazilDepartment of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, GermanyInstitute for Laboratory Animal Science & Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, GermanyInstitute for Laboratory Animal Science & Experimental Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, GermanyDepartment of Informatics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba 81530-000, BrazilPost Graduate Program in Technology in Health, Polytechnique School, Pontifical Catholic University of Paraná, Curitiba 80215-901, BrazilDepartment of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, GermanyDepartment of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, GermanyThe validation of methods for understanding the effects of many diseases and treatments requires the use of animal models in translational research. In this context, sheep have been employed extensively in scientific studies. However, the imposition of experimental conditions upon these animals may result in the experience of discomfort, pain, and stress. The ethical debates surrounding the use of animals in research have resulted in the adoption of Directive 2010/63/EU. The present study proposes a non-contact method for monitoring the respiration rate of sheep based on video processing. The Detecron2 model was trained to segment the sheep’s body, abdominal, and facial regions in the video frames. A motion-tracking algorithm was developed to assess abdominal movement associated with the sheep’s respiratory cycle. The method was applied to videos of Rhön sheep under experimental and housing conditions, utilising two types of cameras to assess the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The mean average error (MAE) obtained was 0.79 breaths/minute for the visible and 1.83 breaths/minute for the near-infrared (NIR) method. This study demonstrates the feasibility of video technology for simultaneous and non-invasive respiration monitoring, being a crucial parameter for assessing the health deterioration of multiple laboratory animals.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/23/3398animal welfarerespiration ratesheep modelvideo signal processingwelfare assessmentrefinement |
| spellingShingle | Beatriz Leandro Bonafini Lukas Breuer Lisa Ernst René Tolba Lucas Ferrari de Oliveira Mauren Abreu de Souza Michael Czaplik Carina Barbosa Pereira Simultaneous, Non-Contact and Motion-Based Monitoring of Respiratory Rate in Sheep Under Experimental Condition Using Visible and Near-Infrared Videos Animals animal welfare respiration rate sheep model video signal processing welfare assessment refinement |
| title | Simultaneous, Non-Contact and Motion-Based Monitoring of Respiratory Rate in Sheep Under Experimental Condition Using Visible and Near-Infrared Videos |
| title_full | Simultaneous, Non-Contact and Motion-Based Monitoring of Respiratory Rate in Sheep Under Experimental Condition Using Visible and Near-Infrared Videos |
| title_fullStr | Simultaneous, Non-Contact and Motion-Based Monitoring of Respiratory Rate in Sheep Under Experimental Condition Using Visible and Near-Infrared Videos |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simultaneous, Non-Contact and Motion-Based Monitoring of Respiratory Rate in Sheep Under Experimental Condition Using Visible and Near-Infrared Videos |
| title_short | Simultaneous, Non-Contact and Motion-Based Monitoring of Respiratory Rate in Sheep Under Experimental Condition Using Visible and Near-Infrared Videos |
| title_sort | simultaneous non contact and motion based monitoring of respiratory rate in sheep under experimental condition using visible and near infrared videos |
| topic | animal welfare respiration rate sheep model video signal processing welfare assessment refinement |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/14/23/3398 |
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