Phenolic acids accumulation and their antioxidant potential in wheat cultivars under the reduced and optimal nitrogen levels
Three common wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown under the reduced and optimal nitrogen (N) levels during 2018/2019 vegetation season. In this study, phenolic compounds were analysed as soluble-free and insoluble-bound fractions, because the majority of them are found in cereals in the...
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Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Croatian Journal of Food Science and Technology |
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| Online Access: | https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/471946 |
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| author | Marija Kovačević Babić Daniela Horvat Dario Novoselović Filip Horvat Krešimir Dvojković |
| author_facet | Marija Kovačević Babić Daniela Horvat Dario Novoselović Filip Horvat Krešimir Dvojković |
| author_sort | Marija Kovačević Babić |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Three common wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown under the reduced and optimal nitrogen (N) levels during 2018/2019 vegetation season. In this study, phenolic compounds were analysed as soluble-free and insoluble-bound fractions, because the majority of them are found in cereals in these forms. Total phenolic content in both extracts (TPC) was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, while the antioxidant activity (AOA) of phenolics was evaluated using the 2,2–diphenyl–1–picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging test. The composition and content of phenolic acids (PAs) was analysed by HPLC. On average, TPC and AOA values were several times higher in the insoluble–bound extract compared to the soluble–free one (163.2 mg GAE/100 g DM vs. 60.7 mg GAE/100 g DM, and 48.5% vs. 17.6%, respectively). Soluble–free PAs ranged from 4.0 mg/100 g DM (p–coumaric acid) to 4.6 mg/100 g DM (p–hydroxybenzoic acid), while insoluble–bound PAs content was much higher, ranging from 2.2 mg/100 g DM (caffeic acid) to 56.5 mg/100 g DM (ferulic acid). For phenolic extracts, TPC, AOA and almost all PAs content was higher under the reduced nitrogen levels. In general, insoluble–bound PAs were more susceptible to higher nitrogen supply than soluble-free ones. Although cultivars showed a similar response to increased nitrogen rate, considerable variability in their phenolic properties was observed. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7778160c177d42089cca6d704aeb9009 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1847-3466 1848-9923 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology Osijek |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Croatian Journal of Food Science and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-7778160c177d42089cca6d704aeb90092025-01-10T13:24:03ZengJosip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Faculty of Food Technology OsijekCroatian Journal of Food Science and Technology1847-34661848-99232024-01-0116220921710.17508/CJFST.2024.16.2.03Phenolic acids accumulation and their antioxidant potential in wheat cultivars under the reduced and optimal nitrogen levelsMarija Kovačević Babić0Daniela Horvat1Dario Novoselović2Filip Horvat3Krešimir Dvojković4Agricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, 31000, Osijek, CroatiaAgricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, 31000, Osijek, CroatiaAgricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, 31000, Osijek, CroatiaCroatian Agency for Agriculture and Food, Centre for Seed and Seedlings, Usorska 19, Brijest, 31000 Osijek, CroatiaAgricultural Institute Osijek, Južno predgrađe 17, 31000, Osijek, CroatiaThree common wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) were grown under the reduced and optimal nitrogen (N) levels during 2018/2019 vegetation season. In this study, phenolic compounds were analysed as soluble-free and insoluble-bound fractions, because the majority of them are found in cereals in these forms. Total phenolic content in both extracts (TPC) was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, while the antioxidant activity (AOA) of phenolics was evaluated using the 2,2–diphenyl–1–picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging test. The composition and content of phenolic acids (PAs) was analysed by HPLC. On average, TPC and AOA values were several times higher in the insoluble–bound extract compared to the soluble–free one (163.2 mg GAE/100 g DM vs. 60.7 mg GAE/100 g DM, and 48.5% vs. 17.6%, respectively). Soluble–free PAs ranged from 4.0 mg/100 g DM (p–coumaric acid) to 4.6 mg/100 g DM (p–hydroxybenzoic acid), while insoluble–bound PAs content was much higher, ranging from 2.2 mg/100 g DM (caffeic acid) to 56.5 mg/100 g DM (ferulic acid). For phenolic extracts, TPC, AOA and almost all PAs content was higher under the reduced nitrogen levels. In general, insoluble–bound PAs were more susceptible to higher nitrogen supply than soluble-free ones. Although cultivars showed a similar response to increased nitrogen rate, considerable variability in their phenolic properties was observed.https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/471946wholegrain wheatnitrogen leveltotal phenolicsantioxidant activityphenolic acid |
| spellingShingle | Marija Kovačević Babić Daniela Horvat Dario Novoselović Filip Horvat Krešimir Dvojković Phenolic acids accumulation and their antioxidant potential in wheat cultivars under the reduced and optimal nitrogen levels Croatian Journal of Food Science and Technology wholegrain wheat nitrogen level total phenolics antioxidant activity phenolic acid |
| title | Phenolic acids accumulation and their antioxidant potential in wheat cultivars under the reduced and optimal nitrogen levels |
| title_full | Phenolic acids accumulation and their antioxidant potential in wheat cultivars under the reduced and optimal nitrogen levels |
| title_fullStr | Phenolic acids accumulation and their antioxidant potential in wheat cultivars under the reduced and optimal nitrogen levels |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phenolic acids accumulation and their antioxidant potential in wheat cultivars under the reduced and optimal nitrogen levels |
| title_short | Phenolic acids accumulation and their antioxidant potential in wheat cultivars under the reduced and optimal nitrogen levels |
| title_sort | phenolic acids accumulation and their antioxidant potential in wheat cultivars under the reduced and optimal nitrogen levels |
| topic | wholegrain wheat nitrogen level total phenolics antioxidant activity phenolic acid |
| url | https://hrcak.srce.hr/file/471946 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT marijakovacevicbabic phenolicacidsaccumulationandtheirantioxidantpotentialinwheatcultivarsunderthereducedandoptimalnitrogenlevels AT danielahorvat phenolicacidsaccumulationandtheirantioxidantpotentialinwheatcultivarsunderthereducedandoptimalnitrogenlevels AT darionovoselovic phenolicacidsaccumulationandtheirantioxidantpotentialinwheatcultivarsunderthereducedandoptimalnitrogenlevels AT filiphorvat phenolicacidsaccumulationandtheirantioxidantpotentialinwheatcultivarsunderthereducedandoptimalnitrogenlevels AT kresimirdvojkovic phenolicacidsaccumulationandtheirantioxidantpotentialinwheatcultivarsunderthereducedandoptimalnitrogenlevels |