The survival and safety of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenalidomide as second-line therapy: a case report and review of the literature

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal and invasive cancer. Targeted and immunotherapies are the primary treatment options for unresectable advanced HCC. There are no recognized and consistent systemic follow-up treatments for patients with HCC who experience disease progression...

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Main Authors: Tao Li, Ying Zhao, Keren Li, Gong Li, Guangxin Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2024.1461936/full
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author Tao Li
Ying Zhao
Keren Li
Gong Li
Guangxin Li
author_facet Tao Li
Ying Zhao
Keren Li
Gong Li
Guangxin Li
author_sort Tao Li
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal and invasive cancer. Targeted and immunotherapies are the primary treatment options for unresectable advanced HCC. There are no recognized and consistent systemic follow-up treatments for patients with HCC who experience disease progression after first-line targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). According to a few studies, lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug that has the potential to be an effective treatment for patients who have progressed after treatment with targeted drugs and ICIs.Case summaryThis article focuses on a patient with HCC whose disease progressed after first-line targeted therapy and ICI therapy combined with lenalidomide as second-line therapy on the basis of the original targeted and ICI regimens, resulting in a favorable oncologic outcome with acceptable toxicity. The progression-free survival (PFS) of the patients in this study reached 3 years, which is much longer than that previously reported, and no progression has occurred thus far.ConclusionsThis case implies that in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who have failed first-line targeted therapy and ICIs, targeted therapy and ICIs can be restarted with the addition of lenalidomide, with surprising results.
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institution Kabale University
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publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Oncology
spelling doaj-art-760e1b66a5004f4f8227915ebf6e66952024-11-20T05:10:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2024-11-011410.3389/fonc.2024.14619361461936The survival and safety of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenalidomide as second-line therapy: a case report and review of the literatureTao LiYing ZhaoKeren LiGong LiGuangxin LiBackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly lethal and invasive cancer. Targeted and immunotherapies are the primary treatment options for unresectable advanced HCC. There are no recognized and consistent systemic follow-up treatments for patients with HCC who experience disease progression after first-line targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). According to a few studies, lenalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug that has the potential to be an effective treatment for patients who have progressed after treatment with targeted drugs and ICIs.Case summaryThis article focuses on a patient with HCC whose disease progressed after first-line targeted therapy and ICI therapy combined with lenalidomide as second-line therapy on the basis of the original targeted and ICI regimens, resulting in a favorable oncologic outcome with acceptable toxicity. The progression-free survival (PFS) of the patients in this study reached 3 years, which is much longer than that previously reported, and no progression has occurred thus far.ConclusionsThis case implies that in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who have failed first-line targeted therapy and ICIs, targeted therapy and ICIs can be restarted with the addition of lenalidomide, with surprising results.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2024.1461936/fullhepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)lenalidomideimmunomodulatory drugmetastasescase report
spellingShingle Tao Li
Ying Zhao
Keren Li
Gong Li
Guangxin Li
The survival and safety of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenalidomide as second-line therapy: a case report and review of the literature
Frontiers in Oncology
hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
lenalidomide
immunomodulatory drug
metastases
case report
title The survival and safety of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenalidomide as second-line therapy: a case report and review of the literature
title_full The survival and safety of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenalidomide as second-line therapy: a case report and review of the literature
title_fullStr The survival and safety of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenalidomide as second-line therapy: a case report and review of the literature
title_full_unstemmed The survival and safety of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenalidomide as second-line therapy: a case report and review of the literature
title_short The survival and safety of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenalidomide as second-line therapy: a case report and review of the literature
title_sort survival and safety of metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma treated with lenalidomide as second line therapy a case report and review of the literature
topic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
lenalidomide
immunomodulatory drug
metastases
case report
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2024.1461936/full
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