Inhibition of Axl attenuates acute kidney injury by alleviating inflammation via SOCS3 downregulation in tubular epithelial cells

Abstract Background In acute kidney injury (AKI), inflammatory crosstalk between tubular epithelial cells (TECs) and immune cells drives disease progression. Although the Axl-SOCS3 axis in myeloid cells typically suppresses inflammation, TEC-specific SOCS3 deletion paradoxically protects against AKI...

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Main Authors: Xin Kang, Qiuhua Gu, Xi Cheng, Junya Jia, Tiekun Yan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Nephrology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-025-04222-z
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author Xin Kang
Qiuhua Gu
Xi Cheng
Junya Jia
Tiekun Yan
author_facet Xin Kang
Qiuhua Gu
Xi Cheng
Junya Jia
Tiekun Yan
author_sort Xin Kang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background In acute kidney injury (AKI), inflammatory crosstalk between tubular epithelial cells (TECs) and immune cells drives disease progression. Although the Axl-SOCS3 axis in myeloid cells typically suppresses inflammation, TEC-specific SOCS3 deletion paradoxically protects against AKI, suggesting a cell type-specific pro-inflammatory role. Methods We induced AKI via bilateral ischemia/reperfusion (IRI) in mice. The Axl-specific pharmacological inhibitor R428 was administered via subcutaneous injection immediately post-IRI, with plasma and kidney samples collected 24 h later. To assess the effects of SOCS3 in TECs, small interfering RNA was used to silence SOCS3 in cisplatin injured HK2 cells. Axl/SOCS3 expression levels were assessed in human AKI biopsies. Results In AKI patients and IRI mice, Axl was upregulated in interstitial immune cells, while SOCS3 increased in TECs. Axl inhibition by R428 attenuated renal injury, reducing inflammatory infiltration, NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, and TEC SOCS3 expression. Notably, SOCS3 knockdown in TECs suppressed NF-κB activation and IL-1β/IL-6 production, implicating Axl-SOCS3 as a pro-inflammatory amplifier in AKI. Conclusion The Axl-SOCS3 axis exacerbates AKI by reinforcing NF-κB-driven inflammation in TECs, creating a vicious cycle between immune cells and TECs. Targeting this cross-cellular pro-inflammatory pathway offers a promising therapeutic strategy for AKI.
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institution Kabale University
issn 1471-2369
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher BMC
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series BMC Nephrology
spelling doaj-art-72d8bf0b71a74745b85ece2da2d985d22025-08-20T04:01:23ZengBMCBMC Nephrology1471-23692025-07-0126111110.1186/s12882-025-04222-zInhibition of Axl attenuates acute kidney injury by alleviating inflammation via SOCS3 downregulation in tubular epithelial cellsXin Kang0Qiuhua Gu1Xi Cheng2Junya Jia3Tiekun Yan4Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, General Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityAbstract Background In acute kidney injury (AKI), inflammatory crosstalk between tubular epithelial cells (TECs) and immune cells drives disease progression. Although the Axl-SOCS3 axis in myeloid cells typically suppresses inflammation, TEC-specific SOCS3 deletion paradoxically protects against AKI, suggesting a cell type-specific pro-inflammatory role. Methods We induced AKI via bilateral ischemia/reperfusion (IRI) in mice. The Axl-specific pharmacological inhibitor R428 was administered via subcutaneous injection immediately post-IRI, with plasma and kidney samples collected 24 h later. To assess the effects of SOCS3 in TECs, small interfering RNA was used to silence SOCS3 in cisplatin injured HK2 cells. Axl/SOCS3 expression levels were assessed in human AKI biopsies. Results In AKI patients and IRI mice, Axl was upregulated in interstitial immune cells, while SOCS3 increased in TECs. Axl inhibition by R428 attenuated renal injury, reducing inflammatory infiltration, NF-κB p65 phosphorylation, and TEC SOCS3 expression. Notably, SOCS3 knockdown in TECs suppressed NF-κB activation and IL-1β/IL-6 production, implicating Axl-SOCS3 as a pro-inflammatory amplifier in AKI. Conclusion The Axl-SOCS3 axis exacerbates AKI by reinforcing NF-κB-driven inflammation in TECs, creating a vicious cycle between immune cells and TECs. Targeting this cross-cellular pro-inflammatory pathway offers a promising therapeutic strategy for AKI.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-025-04222-zAcute kidney injuryInflammationTubular epithelial cellsAxlSuppressor of cytokine signaling 3
spellingShingle Xin Kang
Qiuhua Gu
Xi Cheng
Junya Jia
Tiekun Yan
Inhibition of Axl attenuates acute kidney injury by alleviating inflammation via SOCS3 downregulation in tubular epithelial cells
BMC Nephrology
Acute kidney injury
Inflammation
Tubular epithelial cells
Axl
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3
title Inhibition of Axl attenuates acute kidney injury by alleviating inflammation via SOCS3 downregulation in tubular epithelial cells
title_full Inhibition of Axl attenuates acute kidney injury by alleviating inflammation via SOCS3 downregulation in tubular epithelial cells
title_fullStr Inhibition of Axl attenuates acute kidney injury by alleviating inflammation via SOCS3 downregulation in tubular epithelial cells
title_full_unstemmed Inhibition of Axl attenuates acute kidney injury by alleviating inflammation via SOCS3 downregulation in tubular epithelial cells
title_short Inhibition of Axl attenuates acute kidney injury by alleviating inflammation via SOCS3 downregulation in tubular epithelial cells
title_sort inhibition of axl attenuates acute kidney injury by alleviating inflammation via socs3 downregulation in tubular epithelial cells
topic Acute kidney injury
Inflammation
Tubular epithelial cells
Axl
Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-025-04222-z
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AT xicheng inhibitionofaxlattenuatesacutekidneyinjurybyalleviatinginflammationviasocs3downregulationintubularepithelialcells
AT junyajia inhibitionofaxlattenuatesacutekidneyinjurybyalleviatinginflammationviasocs3downregulationintubularepithelialcells
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