Advancements in biomarker techniques for precision and safety in facial nerve identification during head and neck surgeries: a comprehensive review

Objective: This review aimed to evaluate biomarkers’ efficacy in enhancing facial nerve identification during head and neck surgical procedures. It summarized the literature on biomarker techniques for intraoperative visualization of the facial nerve, focusing on applications, findings, and clinical...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Cesar Raizer, Milanie Milan, Reina Ibrahim, Joseph El Bachour, Abdelrazzak Kerhani, Gregory Nicolas
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-06-01
Series:JPRAS Open
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352587824001141
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