Type 2 diabetes-related sarcopenia: role of nitric oxide

Abstract Sarcopenia, characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle (SkM) mass, strength, and physical performance, is a prevalent complication in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Nitric oxide (NO), a multifunctional gasotransmitter involved in whole-body glucose and insulin homeostasis,...

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Main Authors: Zahra Bahadoran, Parvin Mirmiran, Asghar Ghasemi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-12-01
Series:Nutrition & Metabolism
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-024-00883-z
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author Zahra Bahadoran
Parvin Mirmiran
Asghar Ghasemi
author_facet Zahra Bahadoran
Parvin Mirmiran
Asghar Ghasemi
author_sort Zahra Bahadoran
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Sarcopenia, characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle (SkM) mass, strength, and physical performance, is a prevalent complication in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Nitric oxide (NO), a multifunctional gasotransmitter involved in whole-body glucose and insulin homeostasis, plays key roles in normal SkM physiology and function. Here, we highlight the role of NO in SkM mass maintenance and its potential contribution to the development of T2D-related sarcopenia. Physiologic NO level, primarily produced by sarcolemmal neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOSμ isoform), is involved in protein synthesis in muscle fibers and maintenance of SkM mass. The observed effect of nNOSμ on SkM mass is muscle-type specific and sex-dependent. Impaired NO homeostasis [due to a diminished nNOSμ-NO availability and excessive NO production through inducible NOS (iNOS) in response to atrophic stimuli, e.g., inflammatory cytokines] in SkM occurred during the development and progression of T2D, may cause sarcopenia. Theoretically, restoration of NO through nNOS overexpression, supplying NOS substrates (e.g., L-arginine and L-citrulline), phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition, and supplementation with NO donors (e.g., inorganic nitrate) may be potential therapeutic approaches to preserve SkM mass and prevents sarcopenia in T2D.
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series Nutrition & Metabolism
spelling doaj-art-6b103bbea04d472a8d1d91b572bd2f472024-12-22T12:19:16ZengBMCNutrition & Metabolism1743-70752024-12-0121111510.1186/s12986-024-00883-zType 2 diabetes-related sarcopenia: role of nitric oxideZahra Bahadoran0Parvin Mirmiran1Asghar Ghasemi2Micronutrient Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesNutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesEndocrine Physiology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesAbstract Sarcopenia, characterized by progressive and generalized loss of skeletal muscle (SkM) mass, strength, and physical performance, is a prevalent complication in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Nitric oxide (NO), a multifunctional gasotransmitter involved in whole-body glucose and insulin homeostasis, plays key roles in normal SkM physiology and function. Here, we highlight the role of NO in SkM mass maintenance and its potential contribution to the development of T2D-related sarcopenia. Physiologic NO level, primarily produced by sarcolemmal neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOSμ isoform), is involved in protein synthesis in muscle fibers and maintenance of SkM mass. The observed effect of nNOSμ on SkM mass is muscle-type specific and sex-dependent. Impaired NO homeostasis [due to a diminished nNOSμ-NO availability and excessive NO production through inducible NOS (iNOS) in response to atrophic stimuli, e.g., inflammatory cytokines] in SkM occurred during the development and progression of T2D, may cause sarcopenia. Theoretically, restoration of NO through nNOS overexpression, supplying NOS substrates (e.g., L-arginine and L-citrulline), phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibition, and supplementation with NO donors (e.g., inorganic nitrate) may be potential therapeutic approaches to preserve SkM mass and prevents sarcopenia in T2D.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-024-00883-zType 2 diabetesSarcopeniaSkeletal muscle massNitric oxideL-arginineNitrate
spellingShingle Zahra Bahadoran
Parvin Mirmiran
Asghar Ghasemi
Type 2 diabetes-related sarcopenia: role of nitric oxide
Nutrition & Metabolism
Type 2 diabetes
Sarcopenia
Skeletal muscle mass
Nitric oxide
L-arginine
Nitrate
title Type 2 diabetes-related sarcopenia: role of nitric oxide
title_full Type 2 diabetes-related sarcopenia: role of nitric oxide
title_fullStr Type 2 diabetes-related sarcopenia: role of nitric oxide
title_full_unstemmed Type 2 diabetes-related sarcopenia: role of nitric oxide
title_short Type 2 diabetes-related sarcopenia: role of nitric oxide
title_sort type 2 diabetes related sarcopenia role of nitric oxide
topic Type 2 diabetes
Sarcopenia
Skeletal muscle mass
Nitric oxide
L-arginine
Nitrate
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12986-024-00883-z
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AT parvinmirmiran type2diabetesrelatedsarcopeniaroleofnitricoxide
AT asgharghasemi type2diabetesrelatedsarcopeniaroleofnitricoxide