Sustained BMP-2 delivery via alginate microbeads and polydopamine-coated 3D-Printed PCL/β-TCP scaffold enhances bone regeneration in long bone segmental defects

Background/Objective: Repair of long bone defects remains a major challenge in clinical practice, necessitating the use of bone grafts, growth factors, and mechanical stability. Hence, a combination therapy involving a 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL)/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold coated...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Seoyun Lee, Jae-Hun Kim, Yong-Hun Kim, Jihyeock Hong, Woo Keyoung Kim, Songwan Jin, Byung-Jae Kang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of Orthopaedic Translation
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214031X24001001
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1846140700484173824
author Seoyun Lee
Jae-Hun Kim
Yong-Hun Kim
Jihyeock Hong
Woo Keyoung Kim
Songwan Jin
Byung-Jae Kang
author_facet Seoyun Lee
Jae-Hun Kim
Yong-Hun Kim
Jihyeock Hong
Woo Keyoung Kim
Songwan Jin
Byung-Jae Kang
author_sort Seoyun Lee
collection DOAJ
description Background/Objective: Repair of long bone defects remains a major challenge in clinical practice, necessitating the use of bone grafts, growth factors, and mechanical stability. Hence, a combination therapy involving a 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL)/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold coated with polydopamine (PDA) and alginate microbeads (AM) for sustained delivery of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was investigated to treat long bone segmental defects. Methods: Several in vitro analyses were performed to evaluate the scaffold osteogenic effects in vitro such as PDA surface modification, namely, hydrophilicity and cell adhesion; cytotoxicity and BMP-2 release kinetics using CCK-8 assay and ELISA, respectively; osteogenic differentiation in canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs); formation of mineralized nodules using ALP staining and ARS staining; and mRNA expression of osteogenic differentiation markers using RT-qPCR. Bone regeneration in femoral bone defects was evaluated in vivo using a rabbit femoral segmental bone defect model by performing radiography, micro-computed tomography, and histological observation (hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining). Results: The PDA-coated 3D-printed scaffold demonstrated increased hydrophilicity, cell adhesion, and cell proliferation compared with that of the control. BMP-2 release kinetics assessment showed that BMP-2 AM showed a reduced initial burst and continuous release for 28 days. In vitro co-culture with canine Ad-MSCs showed an increase in mineralization and mRNA expression of osteogenic markers in the BMP-2 AM group compared with that of the BMP-2-adsorbed scaffold group. In vivo bone regeneration evaluation 12 weeks after surgery showed that the BMP-2 AM/PDA group exhibited the highest bone volume in the scaffold, followed by the BMP-2/PDA group. High cortical bone connectivity was observed in the PDA-coated scaffold groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the combined use of PDA-coated 3D-printed bone scaffolds and BMP-2 AM can successfully induce bone regeneration even in load-bearing bone segmental defects. The translational potential of this article: A 3D-printed PCL/β-TCP scaffold was fabricated to mimic the cortical bone of the femur. Along with the application of PDA surface modification and sustained BMP-2 release via AM, the developed scaffold could provide suitable osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and osteogenesis in both in vitro settings and in vivo rabbit femoral segmental bone defect models. Therefore, our findings suggest a promising therapeutic option for treating challenging long bone segmental defects, with potential for future clinical application.
format Article
id doaj-art-69bc31c2079e4170a3d4899dfabcf711
institution Kabale University
issn 2214-031X
language English
publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Journal of Orthopaedic Translation
spelling doaj-art-69bc31c2079e4170a3d4899dfabcf7112024-12-05T05:20:23ZengElsevierJournal of Orthopaedic Translation2214-031X2024-11-01491122Sustained BMP-2 delivery via alginate microbeads and polydopamine-coated 3D-Printed PCL/β-TCP scaffold enhances bone regeneration in long bone segmental defectsSeoyun Lee0Jae-Hun Kim1Yong-Hun Kim2Jihyeock Hong3Woo Keyoung Kim4Songwan Jin5Byung-Jae Kang6Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South KoreaDepartment of Mechanical System Engineering, Graduate School of Knowledge-based Technology and Energy, Tech University of Korea, Gyeonggi, 15073, South KoreaT&R Biofab Co. Ltd., Gyeonggi, 15073, South KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Tech University of Korea, Gyeonggi, 15073, South KoreaDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South KoreaT&R Biofab Co. Ltd., Gyeonggi, 15073, South Korea; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tech University of Korea, Gyeonggi, 15073, South KoreaDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea; Corresponding author. Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea.Background/Objective: Repair of long bone defects remains a major challenge in clinical practice, necessitating the use of bone grafts, growth factors, and mechanical stability. Hence, a combination therapy involving a 3D-printed polycaprolactone (PCL)/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold coated with polydopamine (PDA) and alginate microbeads (AM) for sustained delivery of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) was investigated to treat long bone segmental defects. Methods: Several in vitro analyses were performed to evaluate the scaffold osteogenic effects in vitro such as PDA surface modification, namely, hydrophilicity and cell adhesion; cytotoxicity and BMP-2 release kinetics using CCK-8 assay and ELISA, respectively; osteogenic differentiation in canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (Ad-MSCs); formation of mineralized nodules using ALP staining and ARS staining; and mRNA expression of osteogenic differentiation markers using RT-qPCR. Bone regeneration in femoral bone defects was evaluated in vivo using a rabbit femoral segmental bone defect model by performing radiography, micro-computed tomography, and histological observation (hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining). Results: The PDA-coated 3D-printed scaffold demonstrated increased hydrophilicity, cell adhesion, and cell proliferation compared with that of the control. BMP-2 release kinetics assessment showed that BMP-2 AM showed a reduced initial burst and continuous release for 28 days. In vitro co-culture with canine Ad-MSCs showed an increase in mineralization and mRNA expression of osteogenic markers in the BMP-2 AM group compared with that of the BMP-2-adsorbed scaffold group. In vivo bone regeneration evaluation 12 weeks after surgery showed that the BMP-2 AM/PDA group exhibited the highest bone volume in the scaffold, followed by the BMP-2/PDA group. High cortical bone connectivity was observed in the PDA-coated scaffold groups. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the combined use of PDA-coated 3D-printed bone scaffolds and BMP-2 AM can successfully induce bone regeneration even in load-bearing bone segmental defects. The translational potential of this article: A 3D-printed PCL/β-TCP scaffold was fabricated to mimic the cortical bone of the femur. Along with the application of PDA surface modification and sustained BMP-2 release via AM, the developed scaffold could provide suitable osteoconduction, osteoinduction, and osteogenesis in both in vitro settings and in vivo rabbit femoral segmental bone defect models. Therefore, our findings suggest a promising therapeutic option for treating challenging long bone segmental defects, with potential for future clinical application.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214031X240010013D-printingAlginate microbeadsBeta-tricalcium phosphateBone morphogenetic protein-2PolycaprolactoneSegmental bone defect
spellingShingle Seoyun Lee
Jae-Hun Kim
Yong-Hun Kim
Jihyeock Hong
Woo Keyoung Kim
Songwan Jin
Byung-Jae Kang
Sustained BMP-2 delivery via alginate microbeads and polydopamine-coated 3D-Printed PCL/β-TCP scaffold enhances bone regeneration in long bone segmental defects
Journal of Orthopaedic Translation
3D-printing
Alginate microbeads
Beta-tricalcium phosphate
Bone morphogenetic protein-2
Polycaprolactone
Segmental bone defect
title Sustained BMP-2 delivery via alginate microbeads and polydopamine-coated 3D-Printed PCL/β-TCP scaffold enhances bone regeneration in long bone segmental defects
title_full Sustained BMP-2 delivery via alginate microbeads and polydopamine-coated 3D-Printed PCL/β-TCP scaffold enhances bone regeneration in long bone segmental defects
title_fullStr Sustained BMP-2 delivery via alginate microbeads and polydopamine-coated 3D-Printed PCL/β-TCP scaffold enhances bone regeneration in long bone segmental defects
title_full_unstemmed Sustained BMP-2 delivery via alginate microbeads and polydopamine-coated 3D-Printed PCL/β-TCP scaffold enhances bone regeneration in long bone segmental defects
title_short Sustained BMP-2 delivery via alginate microbeads and polydopamine-coated 3D-Printed PCL/β-TCP scaffold enhances bone regeneration in long bone segmental defects
title_sort sustained bmp 2 delivery via alginate microbeads and polydopamine coated 3d printed pcl β tcp scaffold enhances bone regeneration in long bone segmental defects
topic 3D-printing
Alginate microbeads
Beta-tricalcium phosphate
Bone morphogenetic protein-2
Polycaprolactone
Segmental bone defect
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214031X24001001
work_keys_str_mv AT seoyunlee sustainedbmp2deliveryviaalginatemicrobeadsandpolydopaminecoated3dprintedpclbtcpscaffoldenhancesboneregenerationinlongbonesegmentaldefects
AT jaehunkim sustainedbmp2deliveryviaalginatemicrobeadsandpolydopaminecoated3dprintedpclbtcpscaffoldenhancesboneregenerationinlongbonesegmentaldefects
AT yonghunkim sustainedbmp2deliveryviaalginatemicrobeadsandpolydopaminecoated3dprintedpclbtcpscaffoldenhancesboneregenerationinlongbonesegmentaldefects
AT jihyeockhong sustainedbmp2deliveryviaalginatemicrobeadsandpolydopaminecoated3dprintedpclbtcpscaffoldenhancesboneregenerationinlongbonesegmentaldefects
AT wookeyoungkim sustainedbmp2deliveryviaalginatemicrobeadsandpolydopaminecoated3dprintedpclbtcpscaffoldenhancesboneregenerationinlongbonesegmentaldefects
AT songwanjin sustainedbmp2deliveryviaalginatemicrobeadsandpolydopaminecoated3dprintedpclbtcpscaffoldenhancesboneregenerationinlongbonesegmentaldefects
AT byungjaekang sustainedbmp2deliveryviaalginatemicrobeadsandpolydopaminecoated3dprintedpclbtcpscaffoldenhancesboneregenerationinlongbonesegmentaldefects