Very low prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) gene deletion in the Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana tri-border
Abstract Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) have been an important diagnostic tool for detecting P. falciparum malaria in resource-limited settings. Most tests are designed to detect the Histidine-rich Protein 2 (HRP2). Parasites lacking pfhrp2 and its homologous pfhrp3 have been reported in several regi...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| author | Maria Eduarda Pereira Mascarenhas Jaime Louzada Renato Amorim Rosa Gabriela Maíra Pereira de Assis Flora Satiko Kano Joseli Oliveira-Ferreira Tais Nobrega de Sousa |
| author_facet | Maria Eduarda Pereira Mascarenhas Jaime Louzada Renato Amorim Rosa Gabriela Maíra Pereira de Assis Flora Satiko Kano Joseli Oliveira-Ferreira Tais Nobrega de Sousa |
| author_sort | Maria Eduarda Pereira Mascarenhas |
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| description | Abstract Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) have been an important diagnostic tool for detecting P. falciparum malaria in resource-limited settings. Most tests are designed to detect the Histidine-rich Protein 2 (HRP2). Parasites lacking pfhrp2 and its homologous pfhrp3 have been reported in several regions, with prevalence reaching 100% in certain areas. To better characterize P. falciparum isolates circulating in the Brazil-Venezuela-Guyana tri-border region, we performed a comprehensive analysis of 365 samples collected between 2016 and 2018. Molecular and immunological methods were employed to detect HRP2 and confirm pfhrp2/3 deletions. Our findings point to a low prevalence (1%) of pfhrp2-deleted parasites confirmed by the lack of HRP2 detection. Among false-negative HRP2-RDT tests (6%), most were attributed to low parasite densities. A merozoite surface protein 2 (msp2)-based intra-host diversity analysis suggested overall low genetic diversity. The pattern of HRP2 sequences resembled that has been previously described in areas along the Brazil and French Guiana border. In conclusion, we have found a low prevalence of pfhrp2-deleted parasites in the north-central Guiana Shield, which contrasts with the findings reported at the Peru border. Continued surveys are necessary to monitor the prevalence of pfhrp2 deletion in this area characterized by a high number of cross-border malaria cases. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-6001e86173194708b5c7efbaf340cc982025-01-05T12:22:02ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-01-011511910.1038/s41598-024-83727-3Very low prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) gene deletion in the Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana tri-borderMaria Eduarda Pereira Mascarenhas0Jaime Louzada1Renato Amorim Rosa2Gabriela Maíra Pereira de Assis3Flora Satiko Kano4Joseli Oliveira-Ferreira5Tais Nobrega de Sousa6Molecular Biology and Malaria Immunology Research Group, Instituto René Rachou (IRR), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)Federal University of RoraimaMolecular Biology and Malaria Immunology Research Group, Instituto René Rachou (IRR), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)Molecular Biology and Malaria Immunology Research Group, Instituto René Rachou (IRR), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)Molecular Biology and Malaria Immunology Research Group, Instituto René Rachou (IRR), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)Immunoparasitology Laboratory, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (IOC), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)Molecular Biology and Malaria Immunology Research Group, Instituto René Rachou (IRR), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ)Abstract Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RDTs) have been an important diagnostic tool for detecting P. falciparum malaria in resource-limited settings. Most tests are designed to detect the Histidine-rich Protein 2 (HRP2). Parasites lacking pfhrp2 and its homologous pfhrp3 have been reported in several regions, with prevalence reaching 100% in certain areas. To better characterize P. falciparum isolates circulating in the Brazil-Venezuela-Guyana tri-border region, we performed a comprehensive analysis of 365 samples collected between 2016 and 2018. Molecular and immunological methods were employed to detect HRP2 and confirm pfhrp2/3 deletions. Our findings point to a low prevalence (1%) of pfhrp2-deleted parasites confirmed by the lack of HRP2 detection. Among false-negative HRP2-RDT tests (6%), most were attributed to low parasite densities. A merozoite surface protein 2 (msp2)-based intra-host diversity analysis suggested overall low genetic diversity. The pattern of HRP2 sequences resembled that has been previously described in areas along the Brazil and French Guiana border. In conclusion, we have found a low prevalence of pfhrp2-deleted parasites in the north-central Guiana Shield, which contrasts with the findings reported at the Peru border. Continued surveys are necessary to monitor the prevalence of pfhrp2 deletion in this area characterized by a high number of cross-border malaria cases.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-83727-3MalariaPlasmodium falciparumpfhrp2pfhrp3RDTGenetic diversity |
| spellingShingle | Maria Eduarda Pereira Mascarenhas Jaime Louzada Renato Amorim Rosa Gabriela Maíra Pereira de Assis Flora Satiko Kano Joseli Oliveira-Ferreira Tais Nobrega de Sousa Very low prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) gene deletion in the Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana tri-border Scientific Reports Malaria Plasmodium falciparum pfhrp2 pfhrp3 RDT Genetic diversity |
| title | Very low prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) gene deletion in the Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana tri-border |
| title_full | Very low prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) gene deletion in the Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana tri-border |
| title_fullStr | Very low prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) gene deletion in the Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana tri-border |
| title_full_unstemmed | Very low prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) gene deletion in the Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana tri-border |
| title_short | Very low prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum histidine-rich protein 2 (pfhrp2) gene deletion in the Brazil, Venezuela, and Guyana tri-border |
| title_sort | very low prevalence of plasmodium falciparum histidine rich protein 2 pfhrp2 gene deletion in the brazil venezuela and guyana tri border |
| topic | Malaria Plasmodium falciparum pfhrp2 pfhrp3 RDT Genetic diversity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-83727-3 |
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