Optimization of in vitro propagation and virus eradication using meristem culture and thermotherapy in two geranium species Pelargonium X hortorum (‘Zonal’) and Pelargonium × domesticum (‘Regal’)
Abstract Background Geraniums (Pelargonium) are among the most popular flowers worldwide. Viral infection is one of the main problems of the genus Pelargonium, and the production of virus-free mother plants is necessary for large-scale geranium propagation and exchange. Meristem culture and thermoth...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-06027-y |
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| author | Maryam Karimi Alavijeh Hossein Bayat Dorsa Kianpour Siamak Kalantari Abolkarim zarei |
| author_facet | Maryam Karimi Alavijeh Hossein Bayat Dorsa Kianpour Siamak Kalantari Abolkarim zarei |
| author_sort | Maryam Karimi Alavijeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Geraniums (Pelargonium) are among the most popular flowers worldwide. Viral infection is one of the main problems of the genus Pelargonium, and the production of virus-free mother plants is necessary for large-scale geranium propagation and exchange. Meristem culture and thermotherapy are two effective procedures that have been widely adopted to produce healthy virus-free plant stocks. The present study explores the efficiency of a combination of these two methods for virus eradication in two important Pelargonium species, Pelargonium X hortorum (‘Zonal’) and Pelargonium × domesticum (‘Regal’). Method For this purpose, RT-PCR have been performed using universal and specific primers of Tombusviridae and Bromoviridae virus families as well as Pelargonium Flower Break Virus (PFBV). Bud explants were taken from ‘Zonal’ and ‘Regal’ and were cultured in MS medium supplemented with different compositions of plant growth regulators (PGRs) as follow: A: (1 mgl− 1 Kin, 1 mgl− 1 BA, and 0.2 mgl− 1 NAA), B: (0.5 mgl− 1 Kin, 0.5 mgl− 1 BA, and 1 mgl− 1 NAA), and C: (1.5 mgl− 1 Kin and 1.5 mgl− 1 BA). After 10 days (16:8 h of light and dark photoperiod) incubation at 38 °C, the meristem (0.3 mm) of the in vitro raised plantlets were cultured on MS medium under sterile conditions. The ribonucleic acid of meristem derived plantlets was subjected to RT-PCR to detect any viral infections using universal primers for the Tombosviridae family and specific primers for PFBV species. Results Pelargonium species exhibited varying responses to the PGR treatments. Specifically, the highest bud sprouting, plantlet regeneration, plantlet height, and root number were recorded in ‘Zonal’ and ‘Regal’ pelargoniums when cultured in media A and C, respectively. Although viral infection was confirmed in bud-derived plantlets using RT-PCR, thermotherapy and meristem culture resulted in the generation of 70% and 60% tombusviridae-free plantlets in ‘Regal’ and ‘Zonal’ Pelargoniums, respectively. The virus-free plantlets were propagated using the approved protocol. Conclusion These findings underscore the significance of utilizing suitable PGRs for in vitro regeneration of each Pelargonium species. The results of this investigation revealed that RT-PCR using universal and specific primers is a reliable sensitive virus detection procedure that coupled with culturing the heat-treated meristem can result in successful viral eradication in Pelargonium species. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-5f3b8dca6809486f98ed1b2673753c7a2025-01-05T12:13:04ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292025-01-0125111210.1186/s12870-024-06027-yOptimization of in vitro propagation and virus eradication using meristem culture and thermotherapy in two geranium species Pelargonium X hortorum (‘Zonal’) and Pelargonium × domesticum (‘Regal’)Maryam Karimi Alavijeh0Hossein Bayat1Dorsa Kianpour2Siamak Kalantari3Abolkarim zarei4Department of Genetics and Breeding, Ornamental Plants Research Center (OPRC), Horticulture Sciences Research Institute (HSRI) Agricultural Research, Education and Extension organization (AREEO)Department of Technology and Production Management Ornamental Plant Research Center, (OPRC), Horticulture Sciences Research Institute (HSRI) Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO)Department of Horticultural Sciences, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of TehranDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, University College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of TehranDepartment of Plant Production and Genetic (Biotechnology), Faculty of Agriculture, Jahrom UniversityAbstract Background Geraniums (Pelargonium) are among the most popular flowers worldwide. Viral infection is one of the main problems of the genus Pelargonium, and the production of virus-free mother plants is necessary for large-scale geranium propagation and exchange. Meristem culture and thermotherapy are two effective procedures that have been widely adopted to produce healthy virus-free plant stocks. The present study explores the efficiency of a combination of these two methods for virus eradication in two important Pelargonium species, Pelargonium X hortorum (‘Zonal’) and Pelargonium × domesticum (‘Regal’). Method For this purpose, RT-PCR have been performed using universal and specific primers of Tombusviridae and Bromoviridae virus families as well as Pelargonium Flower Break Virus (PFBV). Bud explants were taken from ‘Zonal’ and ‘Regal’ and were cultured in MS medium supplemented with different compositions of plant growth regulators (PGRs) as follow: A: (1 mgl− 1 Kin, 1 mgl− 1 BA, and 0.2 mgl− 1 NAA), B: (0.5 mgl− 1 Kin, 0.5 mgl− 1 BA, and 1 mgl− 1 NAA), and C: (1.5 mgl− 1 Kin and 1.5 mgl− 1 BA). After 10 days (16:8 h of light and dark photoperiod) incubation at 38 °C, the meristem (0.3 mm) of the in vitro raised plantlets were cultured on MS medium under sterile conditions. The ribonucleic acid of meristem derived plantlets was subjected to RT-PCR to detect any viral infections using universal primers for the Tombosviridae family and specific primers for PFBV species. Results Pelargonium species exhibited varying responses to the PGR treatments. Specifically, the highest bud sprouting, plantlet regeneration, plantlet height, and root number were recorded in ‘Zonal’ and ‘Regal’ pelargoniums when cultured in media A and C, respectively. Although viral infection was confirmed in bud-derived plantlets using RT-PCR, thermotherapy and meristem culture resulted in the generation of 70% and 60% tombusviridae-free plantlets in ‘Regal’ and ‘Zonal’ Pelargoniums, respectively. The virus-free plantlets were propagated using the approved protocol. Conclusion These findings underscore the significance of utilizing suitable PGRs for in vitro regeneration of each Pelargonium species. The results of this investigation revealed that RT-PCR using universal and specific primers is a reliable sensitive virus detection procedure that coupled with culturing the heat-treated meristem can result in successful viral eradication in Pelargonium species.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-06027-yOrnamental plantMeristem cultureThermotherapyPathogen free plantsRT-PCRTissue culture medium |
| spellingShingle | Maryam Karimi Alavijeh Hossein Bayat Dorsa Kianpour Siamak Kalantari Abolkarim zarei Optimization of in vitro propagation and virus eradication using meristem culture and thermotherapy in two geranium species Pelargonium X hortorum (‘Zonal’) and Pelargonium × domesticum (‘Regal’) BMC Plant Biology Ornamental plant Meristem culture Thermotherapy Pathogen free plants RT-PCR Tissue culture medium |
| title | Optimization of in vitro propagation and virus eradication using meristem culture and thermotherapy in two geranium species Pelargonium X hortorum (‘Zonal’) and Pelargonium × domesticum (‘Regal’) |
| title_full | Optimization of in vitro propagation and virus eradication using meristem culture and thermotherapy in two geranium species Pelargonium X hortorum (‘Zonal’) and Pelargonium × domesticum (‘Regal’) |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of in vitro propagation and virus eradication using meristem culture and thermotherapy in two geranium species Pelargonium X hortorum (‘Zonal’) and Pelargonium × domesticum (‘Regal’) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of in vitro propagation and virus eradication using meristem culture and thermotherapy in two geranium species Pelargonium X hortorum (‘Zonal’) and Pelargonium × domesticum (‘Regal’) |
| title_short | Optimization of in vitro propagation and virus eradication using meristem culture and thermotherapy in two geranium species Pelargonium X hortorum (‘Zonal’) and Pelargonium × domesticum (‘Regal’) |
| title_sort | optimization of in vitro propagation and virus eradication using meristem culture and thermotherapy in two geranium species pelargonium x hortorum zonal and pelargonium domesticum regal |
| topic | Ornamental plant Meristem culture Thermotherapy Pathogen free plants RT-PCR Tissue culture medium |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-06027-y |
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