Morpho-physiological traits and stress indices reveal divergence in early-stage salt stress response in elite soybean germplasm

This study assessed the salt stress response of seventy soybean genotypes by exposing seedlings to sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations of 0, 75, 100, and 125 mM. Salinity stress significantly reduced root length, shoot length, fresh and dry root/shoot weight, and root/shoot ratio. A total of 62 ge...

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Main Authors: Muhammad Arif, Haris Khurshid, Malik Ashiq Rabbani, Muhammad Jahanzaib, Sahir Hameed Khattak, Ihsan Ullah, Mohammad Abul Farah, Rattandeep Singh, Luhua Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of King Saud University: Science
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364724004348
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author Muhammad Arif
Haris Khurshid
Malik Ashiq Rabbani
Muhammad Jahanzaib
Sahir Hameed Khattak
Ihsan Ullah
Mohammad Abul Farah
Rattandeep Singh
Luhua Li
author_facet Muhammad Arif
Haris Khurshid
Malik Ashiq Rabbani
Muhammad Jahanzaib
Sahir Hameed Khattak
Ihsan Ullah
Mohammad Abul Farah
Rattandeep Singh
Luhua Li
author_sort Muhammad Arif
collection DOAJ
description This study assessed the salt stress response of seventy soybean genotypes by exposing seedlings to sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations of 0, 75, 100, and 125 mM. Salinity stress significantly reduced root length, shoot length, fresh and dry root/shoot weight, and root/shoot ratio. A total of 62 genotypes germinated at 125 mM, showing significant phenotypic variation in traits such as root length, shoot length, fresh shoot weight, and dry shoot weight. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between most morpho-physiological traits, suggesting their interdependence. Eight salinity tolerance indices i.e., Fresh Weight Stress Tolerance Index (FWSI), Dry Weight Stress Tolerance Index (DWSI), Root Length Salinity Index (RLSI), Shoot Length Salinity Index (SLSI), Salinity Tolerance Index (STI), Salinity Susceptibility Index (SSI), Tolerance Index (TI), and Percent Reduction (PR) were calculated to assess genotypes response. Na+ concentration and antioxidant activities significantly increased under salt stress compared to the control. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, as well as the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H2O2 and O2−, were markedly higher under salt stress compared to the control. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped genotypes into six clusters, with clusters V and VI comprising genotypes exhibiting higher salt tolerance based on high FWSI, DWSI, and STI values, and low PR, SSI, and TI values. Eight salinity tolerance indices, including Fresh Weight Stress Tolerance Index (FWSI), Dry Weight Stress Tolerance Index (DWSI), Root Length Salinity Index (RLSI), and Salinity Tolerance Index (STI), were used to evaluate the genotypes’ responses. The study revealed that the average FWSI value for all genotypes under treatments was 54.20 ± 12.93. The highest FWSI was recorded for the genotype Black (92.52), followed by NIBGE-224 (84.70) and NIBGE-183 (81.05). In contrast, Malakand-96 had the lowest FWSI (28.49), followed by SPS-10 (32.74) and SPS-08 (34.55). PGRA-91 had the highest STI (0.83), followed by SPS-9 (0.75) and NIBGE-115 (0.72), while NIBGE-335, SPS-24, and Malakand-96 had the lowest STI values. Positive correlations were observed between root length and shoot length (0.69**), shoot length and fresh shoot weight (0.63**), and other related traits. Overall, this study identified promising soybean genotypes with varying degrees of salt tolerance. These findings can be utilized in breeding programs to develop salt-tolerant soybean varieties for salinity-affected agricultural lands.
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spelling doaj-art-5f16605f6ae24684adc63f76a8f8f4ee2024-11-15T06:10:58ZengElsevierJournal of King Saud University: Science1018-36472024-12-013611103522Morpho-physiological traits and stress indices reveal divergence in early-stage salt stress response in elite soybean germplasmMuhammad Arif0Haris Khurshid1Malik Ashiq Rabbani2Muhammad Jahanzaib3Sahir Hameed Khattak4Ihsan Ullah5Mohammad Abul Farah6Rattandeep Singh7Luhua Li8College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Guizhou Sub-center of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang 550025, ChinaOilseeds Research Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre Islamabad (NARC), 44500, Pakistan; Corresponding authors at: College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (L. Li).Plant Genetic Resources Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre Islamabad (NARC), 44500, PakistanOilseeds Research Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre Islamabad (NARC), 44500, PakistanOilseeds Research Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre Islamabad (NARC), 44500, PakistanOilseeds Research Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre Islamabad (NARC), 44500, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaSchool of Bioengineering and Biosciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab 144411, IndiaCollege of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China; Guizhou Sub-center of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang 550025, China; Corresponding authors at: College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China (L. Li).This study assessed the salt stress response of seventy soybean genotypes by exposing seedlings to sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations of 0, 75, 100, and 125 mM. Salinity stress significantly reduced root length, shoot length, fresh and dry root/shoot weight, and root/shoot ratio. A total of 62 genotypes germinated at 125 mM, showing significant phenotypic variation in traits such as root length, shoot length, fresh shoot weight, and dry shoot weight. Pearson’s correlation analysis revealed a strong positive correlation between most morpho-physiological traits, suggesting their interdependence. Eight salinity tolerance indices i.e., Fresh Weight Stress Tolerance Index (FWSI), Dry Weight Stress Tolerance Index (DWSI), Root Length Salinity Index (RLSI), Shoot Length Salinity Index (SLSI), Salinity Tolerance Index (STI), Salinity Susceptibility Index (SSI), Tolerance Index (TI), and Percent Reduction (PR) were calculated to assess genotypes response. Na+ concentration and antioxidant activities significantly increased under salt stress compared to the control. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, as well as the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as H2O2 and O2−, were markedly higher under salt stress compared to the control. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped genotypes into six clusters, with clusters V and VI comprising genotypes exhibiting higher salt tolerance based on high FWSI, DWSI, and STI values, and low PR, SSI, and TI values. Eight salinity tolerance indices, including Fresh Weight Stress Tolerance Index (FWSI), Dry Weight Stress Tolerance Index (DWSI), Root Length Salinity Index (RLSI), and Salinity Tolerance Index (STI), were used to evaluate the genotypes’ responses. The study revealed that the average FWSI value for all genotypes under treatments was 54.20 ± 12.93. The highest FWSI was recorded for the genotype Black (92.52), followed by NIBGE-224 (84.70) and NIBGE-183 (81.05). In contrast, Malakand-96 had the lowest FWSI (28.49), followed by SPS-10 (32.74) and SPS-08 (34.55). PGRA-91 had the highest STI (0.83), followed by SPS-9 (0.75) and NIBGE-115 (0.72), while NIBGE-335, SPS-24, and Malakand-96 had the lowest STI values. Positive correlations were observed between root length and shoot length (0.69**), shoot length and fresh shoot weight (0.63**), and other related traits. Overall, this study identified promising soybean genotypes with varying degrees of salt tolerance. These findings can be utilized in breeding programs to develop salt-tolerant soybean varieties for salinity-affected agricultural lands.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364724004348SoybeanGenetic variationGermplasmCorrelationSalinity indexSalt tolerance index
spellingShingle Muhammad Arif
Haris Khurshid
Malik Ashiq Rabbani
Muhammad Jahanzaib
Sahir Hameed Khattak
Ihsan Ullah
Mohammad Abul Farah
Rattandeep Singh
Luhua Li
Morpho-physiological traits and stress indices reveal divergence in early-stage salt stress response in elite soybean germplasm
Journal of King Saud University: Science
Soybean
Genetic variation
Germplasm
Correlation
Salinity index
Salt tolerance index
title Morpho-physiological traits and stress indices reveal divergence in early-stage salt stress response in elite soybean germplasm
title_full Morpho-physiological traits and stress indices reveal divergence in early-stage salt stress response in elite soybean germplasm
title_fullStr Morpho-physiological traits and stress indices reveal divergence in early-stage salt stress response in elite soybean germplasm
title_full_unstemmed Morpho-physiological traits and stress indices reveal divergence in early-stage salt stress response in elite soybean germplasm
title_short Morpho-physiological traits and stress indices reveal divergence in early-stage salt stress response in elite soybean germplasm
title_sort morpho physiological traits and stress indices reveal divergence in early stage salt stress response in elite soybean germplasm
topic Soybean
Genetic variation
Germplasm
Correlation
Salinity index
Salt tolerance index
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364724004348
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