Electrokinetic blood flow of Carreau ternary nanofluids in stenotic arteries with thermal reactions under CC heat flux for therapy
Abstract This study provides valuable insight into developing more accurate blood-flow models for targeted drug delivery and therapeutic heat management in stenosed arteries by focusing on the synergistic effects of electrokinetic forces and thermal-chemical interactions. The aim is to investigate e...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14211-9 |
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| author | Saima Riasat Saira Iqbal Sadia Hina Kaouther Ghachem Aboulbaba Eladeb Walid Hassen Lioua Kolsi |
| author_facet | Saima Riasat Saira Iqbal Sadia Hina Kaouther Ghachem Aboulbaba Eladeb Walid Hassen Lioua Kolsi |
| author_sort | Saima Riasat |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study provides valuable insight into developing more accurate blood-flow models for targeted drug delivery and therapeutic heat management in stenosed arteries by focusing on the synergistic effects of electrokinetic forces and thermal-chemical interactions. The aim is to investigate electroosmotic flow and endothermic/exothermic chemical reactions within a constricted artery by incorporating the Cattaneo–Christov (CC) heat flux model into a Carreau ternary hybrid nanofluid framework. The governing equations are solved computationally using the BVP4C solver. The main results indicate that the increase of the zeta potential (electrokinetic effect) causes a substantial reduction of the wall shear stress, which lowers energy losses and improves overall blood flow efficiency. In addition, at high electroosmotic parameter the fluid is accelerated, and an enhancement of drug delivery precision and therapeutic effectiveness occur. The model also predicts a modest ~ 7% increase in drag force on the arterial wall under these conditions. Conclusion: Integrating electrokinetic forces and thermal-chemical effects into blood-flow modeling significantly improves flow efficiency and targeted delivery in stenotic arteries, highlighting a promising strategy for optimizing nanoparticle-based treatments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5d14896f25664b229dea2d20ca5a6cb5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-5d14896f25664b229dea2d20ca5a6cb52025-08-20T04:02:46ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115112010.1038/s41598-025-14211-9 Electrokinetic blood flow of Carreau ternary nanofluids in stenotic arteries with thermal reactions under CC heat flux for therapySaima Riasat0Saira Iqbal1Sadia Hina2Kaouther Ghachem3Aboulbaba Eladeb4Walid Hassen5Lioua Kolsi6Department of Mathematical Science, Fatima Jinnah Women UniversityDepartment of Mathematical Science, Fatima Jinnah Women UniversityDepartment of Mathematical Science, Fatima Jinnah Women UniversityDepartment of Industrial and Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityMining Research Center, Northern Border UniversityLaboratory of Metrology and Energy Systems, University of MonastirDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’ilAbstract This study provides valuable insight into developing more accurate blood-flow models for targeted drug delivery and therapeutic heat management in stenosed arteries by focusing on the synergistic effects of electrokinetic forces and thermal-chemical interactions. The aim is to investigate electroosmotic flow and endothermic/exothermic chemical reactions within a constricted artery by incorporating the Cattaneo–Christov (CC) heat flux model into a Carreau ternary hybrid nanofluid framework. The governing equations are solved computationally using the BVP4C solver. The main results indicate that the increase of the zeta potential (electrokinetic effect) causes a substantial reduction of the wall shear stress, which lowers energy losses and improves overall blood flow efficiency. In addition, at high electroosmotic parameter the fluid is accelerated, and an enhancement of drug delivery precision and therapeutic effectiveness occur. The model also predicts a modest ~ 7% increase in drag force on the arterial wall under these conditions. Conclusion: Integrating electrokinetic forces and thermal-chemical effects into blood-flow modeling significantly improves flow efficiency and targeted delivery in stenotic arteries, highlighting a promising strategy for optimizing nanoparticle-based treatments.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14211-9Electrical double layerStenotic arteryCattaneo-Christov heat fluxZeta potentialNanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Saima Riasat Saira Iqbal Sadia Hina Kaouther Ghachem Aboulbaba Eladeb Walid Hassen Lioua Kolsi Electrokinetic blood flow of Carreau ternary nanofluids in stenotic arteries with thermal reactions under CC heat flux for therapy Scientific Reports Electrical double layer Stenotic artery Cattaneo-Christov heat flux Zeta potential Nanoparticles |
| title | Electrokinetic blood flow of Carreau ternary nanofluids in stenotic arteries with thermal reactions under CC heat flux for therapy |
| title_full | Electrokinetic blood flow of Carreau ternary nanofluids in stenotic arteries with thermal reactions under CC heat flux for therapy |
| title_fullStr | Electrokinetic blood flow of Carreau ternary nanofluids in stenotic arteries with thermal reactions under CC heat flux for therapy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electrokinetic blood flow of Carreau ternary nanofluids in stenotic arteries with thermal reactions under CC heat flux for therapy |
| title_short | Electrokinetic blood flow of Carreau ternary nanofluids in stenotic arteries with thermal reactions under CC heat flux for therapy |
| title_sort | electrokinetic blood flow of carreau ternary nanofluids in stenotic arteries with thermal reactions under cc heat flux for therapy |
| topic | Electrical double layer Stenotic artery Cattaneo-Christov heat flux Zeta potential Nanoparticles |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14211-9 |
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