External validation of precisebreast, a digital prognostic test for predicting breast cancer recurrence, in an early-stage cohort from the Netherlands

Abstract Background Current clinical guidelines recommend gene expression profiling to guide treatment in early-stage breast cancer. PreciseBreast (PDxBR) is a digital prognostic tool that integrates artificial intelligence (AI)-derived features from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides with clini...

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Main Authors: Pieter J. Westenend, Claudia Meurs, Gerardo Fernandez, Marcel Prastawa, Abishek Sainath Madduri, Aaron Feliz, Juan Carlos Mejias, Alexander Shtabsky, Xiaozhu Zhang, Brandon Veremis, Rebecca DeAngel, Michael J. Donovan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:Breast Cancer Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-025-02104-8
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author Pieter J. Westenend
Claudia Meurs
Gerardo Fernandez
Marcel Prastawa
Abishek Sainath Madduri
Aaron Feliz
Juan Carlos Mejias
Alexander Shtabsky
Xiaozhu Zhang
Brandon Veremis
Rebecca DeAngel
Michael J. Donovan
author_facet Pieter J. Westenend
Claudia Meurs
Gerardo Fernandez
Marcel Prastawa
Abishek Sainath Madduri
Aaron Feliz
Juan Carlos Mejias
Alexander Shtabsky
Xiaozhu Zhang
Brandon Veremis
Rebecca DeAngel
Michael J. Donovan
author_sort Pieter J. Westenend
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Current clinical guidelines recommend gene expression profiling to guide treatment in early-stage breast cancer. PreciseBreast (PDxBR) is a digital prognostic tool that integrates artificial intelligence (AI)-derived features from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides with clinicopathologic data to predict recurrence risk. This study externally validated PDxBR in an independent cohort and compared its performance to other risk models. Methods We retrospectively analyzed PDxBR in a cohort of 739 patients with early-stage hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer (median follow-up of 8.8 years). For each case, one H&E-stained slide was digitized and analyzed to generate recurrence risk scores using the full PDxBR model, as well as image-only and clinical-only variants. A subset of patients who underwent MammaPrint testing was also evaluated. Model performance was assessed by AUC/C-index, hazard ratios, sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values (NPV and PPV, respectively). Results PDxBR showed prognostic accuracy in this external cohort (AUC/C-index 0.71, 95% CI: 0.66–0.75). Applying the PDxBR threshold (≥ 58 versus < 58) yielded a hazard ratio of 3.05 (95% CI: 2.1–4.4, p < 0.001), sensitivity 0.70, specificity 0.59, NPV 0.90, and PPV 0.27. PDxBR outperformed the modified Adjuvant! Online clinical model (MINDACT model, p < 0.00001) and effectively reclassified grade 2 tumors into distinct risk groups. Conclusions PDxBR demonstrated robust prognostic performance in an independent cohort, supporting its potential as a scalable, reproducible alternative to genomic assays for individualized risk stratification in early-stage breast cancer.
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spelling doaj-art-5cc5bc5a6cfe4bb296f6da265e865a0d2025-08-24T11:58:43ZengBMCBreast Cancer Research1465-542X2025-08-0127111410.1186/s13058-025-02104-8External validation of precisebreast, a digital prognostic test for predicting breast cancer recurrence, in an early-stage cohort from the NetherlandsPieter J. Westenend0Claudia Meurs1Gerardo Fernandez2Marcel Prastawa3Abishek Sainath Madduri4Aaron Feliz5Juan Carlos Mejias6Alexander Shtabsky7Xiaozhu Zhang8Brandon Veremis9Rebecca DeAngel10Michael J. Donovan11Laboratory of PathologyLaboratory of PathologyPreciseDx, Inc.PreciseDx, Inc.PreciseDx, Inc.PreciseDx, Inc.PreciseDx, Inc.PreciseDx, Inc.PreciseDx, Inc.PreciseDx, Inc.PreciseDx, Inc.PreciseDx, Inc.Abstract Background Current clinical guidelines recommend gene expression profiling to guide treatment in early-stage breast cancer. PreciseBreast (PDxBR) is a digital prognostic tool that integrates artificial intelligence (AI)-derived features from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides with clinicopathologic data to predict recurrence risk. This study externally validated PDxBR in an independent cohort and compared its performance to other risk models. Methods We retrospectively analyzed PDxBR in a cohort of 739 patients with early-stage hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer (median follow-up of 8.8 years). For each case, one H&E-stained slide was digitized and analyzed to generate recurrence risk scores using the full PDxBR model, as well as image-only and clinical-only variants. A subset of patients who underwent MammaPrint testing was also evaluated. Model performance was assessed by AUC/C-index, hazard ratios, sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values (NPV and PPV, respectively). Results PDxBR showed prognostic accuracy in this external cohort (AUC/C-index 0.71, 95% CI: 0.66–0.75). Applying the PDxBR threshold (≥ 58 versus < 58) yielded a hazard ratio of 3.05 (95% CI: 2.1–4.4, p < 0.001), sensitivity 0.70, specificity 0.59, NPV 0.90, and PPV 0.27. PDxBR outperformed the modified Adjuvant! Online clinical model (MINDACT model, p < 0.00001) and effectively reclassified grade 2 tumors into distinct risk groups. Conclusions PDxBR demonstrated robust prognostic performance in an independent cohort, supporting its potential as a scalable, reproducible alternative to genomic assays for individualized risk stratification in early-stage breast cancer.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-025-02104-8Early-stage breast cancerDigital pathologyArtificial intelligenceRisk stratificationPrognostic modelRecurrence prediction
spellingShingle Pieter J. Westenend
Claudia Meurs
Gerardo Fernandez
Marcel Prastawa
Abishek Sainath Madduri
Aaron Feliz
Juan Carlos Mejias
Alexander Shtabsky
Xiaozhu Zhang
Brandon Veremis
Rebecca DeAngel
Michael J. Donovan
External validation of precisebreast, a digital prognostic test for predicting breast cancer recurrence, in an early-stage cohort from the Netherlands
Breast Cancer Research
Early-stage breast cancer
Digital pathology
Artificial intelligence
Risk stratification
Prognostic model
Recurrence prediction
title External validation of precisebreast, a digital prognostic test for predicting breast cancer recurrence, in an early-stage cohort from the Netherlands
title_full External validation of precisebreast, a digital prognostic test for predicting breast cancer recurrence, in an early-stage cohort from the Netherlands
title_fullStr External validation of precisebreast, a digital prognostic test for predicting breast cancer recurrence, in an early-stage cohort from the Netherlands
title_full_unstemmed External validation of precisebreast, a digital prognostic test for predicting breast cancer recurrence, in an early-stage cohort from the Netherlands
title_short External validation of precisebreast, a digital prognostic test for predicting breast cancer recurrence, in an early-stage cohort from the Netherlands
title_sort external validation of precisebreast a digital prognostic test for predicting breast cancer recurrence in an early stage cohort from the netherlands
topic Early-stage breast cancer
Digital pathology
Artificial intelligence
Risk stratification
Prognostic model
Recurrence prediction
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-025-02104-8
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