Characteristics of the integration sites and module structures of the Tn916 and its family

Abstract Tn916, the most typical conjugative transposon that contains the tetM resistance gene, has been identified in various genomes. This study examined the recognized Tn916 (with an identity of > 90%) and Tn916 other family members (with identities between 60 and 90%) in all currently known c...

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Main Authors: Lei Song, Jingxiu Duan, Tianren Liu, Jiaojiao Sun, Zhiling Hao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09579-7
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author Lei Song
Jingxiu Duan
Tianren Liu
Jiaojiao Sun
Zhiling Hao
author_facet Lei Song
Jingxiu Duan
Tianren Liu
Jiaojiao Sun
Zhiling Hao
author_sort Lei Song
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Tn916, the most typical conjugative transposon that contains the tetM resistance gene, has been identified in various genomes. This study examined the recognized Tn916 (with an identity of > 90%) and Tn916 other family members (with identities between 60 and 90%) in all currently known complete genome and chromosome sequences, naming them Tn916.1 to Tn916.9. Tn916 and other members of this family have similar structures: AT-rich inverted repeats (IRs), with the boundaries being AT-rich stem‒loop structures; the coupling sequences in the middle, often 5 bp AT-rich regions, with the conserved base is the first base A or the last base T; the stem sequence from the host, which often matches or complements part of the IR (4–5 bp). Most Tn916 family members have ABC transporter gene clusters as resistance markers, and Tn916.9 has vancomycin resistance genes. Tn916 and other members of this family are more frequently integrated into genomes that have low GC% values. Our study elucidates the structural characteristics of the regions flanking Tn916 and other members of this family, laying a molecular foundation for further determining their deletion and integration mechanisms and aiding in controlling the spread of such antibiotic resistance in these conjugative transposons.
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issn 2045-2322
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-5c0fda33e70947b984fb0e7cf01c3fd22025-08-20T03:45:24ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111010.1038/s41598-025-09579-7Characteristics of the integration sites and module structures of the Tn916 and its familyLei Song0Jingxiu Duan1Tianren Liu2Jiaojiao Sun3Zhiling Hao4College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal UniversityCollege of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal UniversityCollege of Oceanography and Ecological Science, Shanghai Ocean UniversityCollege of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal UniversityCollege of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal UniversityAbstract Tn916, the most typical conjugative transposon that contains the tetM resistance gene, has been identified in various genomes. This study examined the recognized Tn916 (with an identity of > 90%) and Tn916 other family members (with identities between 60 and 90%) in all currently known complete genome and chromosome sequences, naming them Tn916.1 to Tn916.9. Tn916 and other members of this family have similar structures: AT-rich inverted repeats (IRs), with the boundaries being AT-rich stem‒loop structures; the coupling sequences in the middle, often 5 bp AT-rich regions, with the conserved base is the first base A or the last base T; the stem sequence from the host, which often matches or complements part of the IR (4–5 bp). Most Tn916 family members have ABC transporter gene clusters as resistance markers, and Tn916.9 has vancomycin resistance genes. Tn916 and other members of this family are more frequently integrated into genomes that have low GC% values. Our study elucidates the structural characteristics of the regions flanking Tn916 and other members of this family, laying a molecular foundation for further determining their deletion and integration mechanisms and aiding in controlling the spread of such antibiotic resistance in these conjugative transposons.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09579-7Tn916 and its familyInverted repeatsConserved baseModular structureStem‒Loop structure
spellingShingle Lei Song
Jingxiu Duan
Tianren Liu
Jiaojiao Sun
Zhiling Hao
Characteristics of the integration sites and module structures of the Tn916 and its family
Scientific Reports
Tn916 and its family
Inverted repeats
Conserved base
Modular structure
Stem‒Loop structure
title Characteristics of the integration sites and module structures of the Tn916 and its family
title_full Characteristics of the integration sites and module structures of the Tn916 and its family
title_fullStr Characteristics of the integration sites and module structures of the Tn916 and its family
title_full_unstemmed Characteristics of the integration sites and module structures of the Tn916 and its family
title_short Characteristics of the integration sites and module structures of the Tn916 and its family
title_sort characteristics of the integration sites and module structures of the tn916 and its family
topic Tn916 and its family
Inverted repeats
Conserved base
Modular structure
Stem‒Loop structure
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09579-7
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AT jingxiuduan characteristicsoftheintegrationsitesandmodulestructuresofthetn916anditsfamily
AT tianrenliu characteristicsoftheintegrationsitesandmodulestructuresofthetn916anditsfamily
AT jiaojiaosun characteristicsoftheintegrationsitesandmodulestructuresofthetn916anditsfamily
AT zhilinghao characteristicsoftheintegrationsitesandmodulestructuresofthetn916anditsfamily