Influence of Ordinary Cigarettes and Their Substitute IQOS<sup>®</sup> on Secretory Immunoglobulin A in Unstimulated Saliva

Influence of Ordinary Cigarettes and Their Substitute IQOS<sup>®</sup> on Secretory Immunoglobulin A in Unstimulated Saliva

<b>Background</b>: Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) plays a key role in oral and mucosal immunity, serving as a first-line defense against pathogens. Smoking is known to negatively affect immune function, but data on the impact of heated tobacco products such as IQOS<sup>®</sup...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Niкolai Pavlov, Ivelina Popova-Sotirova, Nina Musurlieva, Ralitsa Raycheva, Konstantin Trifonov, Maria Atanasova, Radka Cholakova
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Dentistry Journal
Subjects:
secretory immunoglobulin A
saliva
IQOS<sup>®</sup>
cigarette smoking
mucosal immunity
gender differences
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6767/13/7/297
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