Seroprevalence and risk factors of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle in Gharbia governorate, Egypt: A comparative study of traditional and commercial production systems

Background: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a global contagious respiratory disease of ruminants caused by Bovine Herpes virus-1(BoHV-1). It causes substantial financial losses in the dairy industry worldwide and is considered one of the most important causative agents of abortion and re...

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Main Authors: Mostafa El-Sayed El-Sheikh, Lotfy Bakar, Mamdouh Fahmy El-Mekawy, Mohammed Ibrahim Eisa, Nasser Zeidan Abouzeid, Mervat Ibrahim Abdelmonim, Sarah Gamal Yousef
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Tripoli University 2024-11-01
Series:Open Veterinary Journal
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Online Access:https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=216209
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author Mostafa El-Sayed El-Sheikh
Lotfy Bakar
Mamdouh Fahmy El-Mekawy
Mohammed Ibrahim Eisa
Nasser Zeidan Abouzeid
Mervat Ibrahim Abdelmonim
Sarah Gamal Yousef
author_facet Mostafa El-Sayed El-Sheikh
Lotfy Bakar
Mamdouh Fahmy El-Mekawy
Mohammed Ibrahim Eisa
Nasser Zeidan Abouzeid
Mervat Ibrahim Abdelmonim
Sarah Gamal Yousef
author_sort Mostafa El-Sayed El-Sheikh
collection DOAJ
description Background: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a global contagious respiratory disease of ruminants caused by Bovine Herpes virus-1(BoHV-1). It causes substantial financial losses in the dairy industry worldwide and is considered one of the most important causative agents of abortion and reproductive problems in dairy cattle. Aim: This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of IBR and the related risk factors in the dairy population in Gharbia governorate, Egypt. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of IBR in bovine dairy herds in Qutur district, Gharbia governorate, Egypt from March 2023 to February 2024. A total of 12 smallholder farms and six commercial dairy farms that didn't use vaccination protocol against BoHV-1 were randomly selected. Serum samples (n = 400) were collected from 360 cattle and 40 Italian buffaloes and were subjected to evaluation of the serological status of BoHV-1 using indirect ELISA. A multivariate logistic regression model was implemented to evaluate the strength of the risk factors associated with the infection. Results: The overall seroprevalence of IBR was 22.5% (95% CI: 18.5% - 26.9%). The prevalence of IBR in animals reared under traditional and commercial systems was 28.04% and 21.06%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression revealed that the risk of infection with IBR in winter months was significantly higher than in autumn [OR = 5.9, CI 95%: 2.22-16.16]. The seroprevalence of IBR was higher in weaned and yearling calves than in adult cattle (P- value = 0.000). The risk of exposure to IBR infection was higher in free stall houses than in tie stall houses [OR = 3.7, CI 95%: 1.11-12.35]. The risk of seropositivity to IBR was significantly higher in animals with a history of recent respiratory manifestation than those without a history of recent respiratory problems (P- value = 0.000) Conclusion: This research study revealed that IBR is prevalent among dairy cattle reared under both production systems in the Gharbia governorate. Introducing an appropriate vaccination protocol becomes inevitable to protect our dairy industries from potential economic losses due to this disease. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(11.000): 2960-2969]
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spelling doaj-art-5a1a222e9155465fa6e254c6aa5f8f742024-12-13T19:28:45ZengTripoli UniversityOpen Veterinary Journal2226-44852218-60502024-11-0114112960296910.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i11.24216209Seroprevalence and risk factors of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle in Gharbia governorate, Egypt: A comparative study of traditional and commercial production systemsMostafa El-Sayed El-Sheikh0Lotfy Bakar1Mamdouh Fahmy El-Mekawy2Mohammed Ibrahim Eisa3Nasser Zeidan Abouzeid4Mervat Ibrahim Abdelmonim5Sarah Gamal Yousef6Virology Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Dokki, Giza. Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences, The Libyan Academy for High Studies, Libya Department of Animal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt Department of Animal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt Department of Animal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt Virology Department, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Dokki, Giza. Department of Animal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, EgyptBackground: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) is a global contagious respiratory disease of ruminants caused by Bovine Herpes virus-1(BoHV-1). It causes substantial financial losses in the dairy industry worldwide and is considered one of the most important causative agents of abortion and reproductive problems in dairy cattle. Aim: This study aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of IBR and the related risk factors in the dairy population in Gharbia governorate, Egypt. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the seroprevalence and associated risk factors of IBR in bovine dairy herds in Qutur district, Gharbia governorate, Egypt from March 2023 to February 2024. A total of 12 smallholder farms and six commercial dairy farms that didn't use vaccination protocol against BoHV-1 were randomly selected. Serum samples (n = 400) were collected from 360 cattle and 40 Italian buffaloes and were subjected to evaluation of the serological status of BoHV-1 using indirect ELISA. A multivariate logistic regression model was implemented to evaluate the strength of the risk factors associated with the infection. Results: The overall seroprevalence of IBR was 22.5% (95% CI: 18.5% - 26.9%). The prevalence of IBR in animals reared under traditional and commercial systems was 28.04% and 21.06%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression revealed that the risk of infection with IBR in winter months was significantly higher than in autumn [OR = 5.9, CI 95%: 2.22-16.16]. The seroprevalence of IBR was higher in weaned and yearling calves than in adult cattle (P- value = 0.000). The risk of exposure to IBR infection was higher in free stall houses than in tie stall houses [OR = 3.7, CI 95%: 1.11-12.35]. The risk of seropositivity to IBR was significantly higher in animals with a history of recent respiratory manifestation than those without a history of recent respiratory problems (P- value = 0.000) Conclusion: This research study revealed that IBR is prevalent among dairy cattle reared under both production systems in the Gharbia governorate. Introducing an appropriate vaccination protocol becomes inevitable to protect our dairy industries from potential economic losses due to this disease. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(11.000): 2960-2969]https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=216209infectious bovine rhinotracheitisrisk factorsegyptseroprevalence
spellingShingle Mostafa El-Sayed El-Sheikh
Lotfy Bakar
Mamdouh Fahmy El-Mekawy
Mohammed Ibrahim Eisa
Nasser Zeidan Abouzeid
Mervat Ibrahim Abdelmonim
Sarah Gamal Yousef
Seroprevalence and risk factors of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle in Gharbia governorate, Egypt: A comparative study of traditional and commercial production systems
Open Veterinary Journal
infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
risk factors
egypt
seroprevalence
title Seroprevalence and risk factors of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle in Gharbia governorate, Egypt: A comparative study of traditional and commercial production systems
title_full Seroprevalence and risk factors of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle in Gharbia governorate, Egypt: A comparative study of traditional and commercial production systems
title_fullStr Seroprevalence and risk factors of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle in Gharbia governorate, Egypt: A comparative study of traditional and commercial production systems
title_full_unstemmed Seroprevalence and risk factors of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle in Gharbia governorate, Egypt: A comparative study of traditional and commercial production systems
title_short Seroprevalence and risk factors of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle in Gharbia governorate, Egypt: A comparative study of traditional and commercial production systems
title_sort seroprevalence and risk factors of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis in cattle in gharbia governorate egypt a comparative study of traditional and commercial production systems
topic infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
risk factors
egypt
seroprevalence
url https://www.openveterinaryjournal.com/?mno=216209
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