Cognitive impairment at older ages among 8000 men and women living in Mexico City: a cross-sectional analyses of a prospective study
Abstract Background There is limited population-based evidence on the prevalence of cognitive impairment in Mexico, a country with a rapidly aging population and where key risk factors, such as diabetes and obesity, are common. This study describes the distribution of cognitive impairment in adults...
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2024-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21093-5 |
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| author | Carlos González-Carballo Pablo Kuri-Morales Erwin Chiquete Mario Rojas-Russell Rogelio Santacruz-Benitez Raúl Ramirez-Reyes Adrián Garcilazo-Ávila Jaime Berumen Eirini Trichia Louisa Gnatiuc Friedrichs Paulina Orellana Carolina Ochoa-Rosales Gary O’Donovan Jonathan R Emberson Roberto Tapia-Conyer Diego Aguilar-Ramirez Jesus Alegre-Díaz |
| author_facet | Carlos González-Carballo Pablo Kuri-Morales Erwin Chiquete Mario Rojas-Russell Rogelio Santacruz-Benitez Raúl Ramirez-Reyes Adrián Garcilazo-Ávila Jaime Berumen Eirini Trichia Louisa Gnatiuc Friedrichs Paulina Orellana Carolina Ochoa-Rosales Gary O’Donovan Jonathan R Emberson Roberto Tapia-Conyer Diego Aguilar-Ramirez Jesus Alegre-Díaz |
| author_sort | Carlos González-Carballo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background There is limited population-based evidence on the prevalence of cognitive impairment in Mexico, a country with a rapidly aging population and where key risk factors, such as diabetes and obesity, are common. This study describes the distribution of cognitive impairment in adults from Mexico City. Methods This cross-sectional population-based study included participants from the Mexico City Prospective Study which recruited 150,000 adults aged ≥ 35 years in 1998–2004. In 2015–2019 about 10,000 survivors were resurveyed with identical information from the original survey and additional assessments including a cognitive assessment. The main analyses included those aged 50–89 years with complete cognitive assessment and covariate data at resurvey. Cognitive impairment was defined by a score ≤ 24 on the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The distribution of MMSE scores and cognitive impairment by age, sex, and major disease risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, and adiposity) was analyzed among those with complete MMSE data and some degree of self-reported formal education. Results Of the 9,288 participants aged 50–89 years at the 2015–2019 resurvey with complete data, 8,197 reported having at least some years of formal education. Among these (mean age 66 years; 31% men), their mean MMSE score was 26.2 (SD 3.6) points, 1,941 (24%) had cognitive impairment, their mean body-mass index (BMI) was 28.6 (SD 5.5) kg/m2, 3,008 (37%) had hypertension and 2,467 (30%) had diabetes. The sex- and district-standardised prevalence of cognitive impairment increased strongly with age, from 10% in those 50–59 years to 55% in those aged 80–89. At any given age, the prevalence of cognitive impairment was higher in women than in men. After accounting for the effects of age, sex, and district there was little difference in the prevalence of cognitive impairment between participants with or without diabetes, hypertension, overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 km/m2), or high levels of fat mass. Conclusions In this population of adults aged 50–89 years from Mexico City, the prevalence of cognitive impairment was high, particularly among women. The extent to which cognitive impairment relates to health outcomes in this population needs to be investigated. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5909cea1065441fc8615421c290eb439 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-5909cea1065441fc8615421c290eb4392025-01-12T12:43:28ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582024-12-012411910.1186/s12889-024-21093-5Cognitive impairment at older ages among 8000 men and women living in Mexico City: a cross-sectional analyses of a prospective studyCarlos González-Carballo0Pablo Kuri-Morales1Erwin Chiquete2Mario Rojas-Russell3Rogelio Santacruz-Benitez4Raúl Ramirez-Reyes5Adrián Garcilazo-Ávila6Jaime Berumen7Eirini Trichia8Louisa Gnatiuc Friedrichs9Paulina Orellana10Carolina Ochoa-Rosales11Gary O’Donovan12Jonathan R Emberson13Roberto Tapia-Conyer14Diego Aguilar-Ramirez15Jesus Alegre-Díaz16Experimental Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of MexicoInstituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de MonterreyInstituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador ZubiránFacultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, National Autonomous University of MexicoExperimental Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of MexicoExperimental Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of MexicoExperimental Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of MexicoExperimental Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of MexicoClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordLatin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Diagonal las Torres, Universidad Adolfo IbanezLatin American Brain Health Institute (BrainLat), Diagonal las Torres, Universidad Adolfo IbanezFacultad de Medicina, Universidad de los AndesClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordExperimental Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of MexicoClinical Trial Service Unit and Epidemiological Studies Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of OxfordExperimental Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of MexicoAbstract Background There is limited population-based evidence on the prevalence of cognitive impairment in Mexico, a country with a rapidly aging population and where key risk factors, such as diabetes and obesity, are common. This study describes the distribution of cognitive impairment in adults from Mexico City. Methods This cross-sectional population-based study included participants from the Mexico City Prospective Study which recruited 150,000 adults aged ≥ 35 years in 1998–2004. In 2015–2019 about 10,000 survivors were resurveyed with identical information from the original survey and additional assessments including a cognitive assessment. The main analyses included those aged 50–89 years with complete cognitive assessment and covariate data at resurvey. Cognitive impairment was defined by a score ≤ 24 on the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The distribution of MMSE scores and cognitive impairment by age, sex, and major disease risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, and adiposity) was analyzed among those with complete MMSE data and some degree of self-reported formal education. Results Of the 9,288 participants aged 50–89 years at the 2015–2019 resurvey with complete data, 8,197 reported having at least some years of formal education. Among these (mean age 66 years; 31% men), their mean MMSE score was 26.2 (SD 3.6) points, 1,941 (24%) had cognitive impairment, their mean body-mass index (BMI) was 28.6 (SD 5.5) kg/m2, 3,008 (37%) had hypertension and 2,467 (30%) had diabetes. The sex- and district-standardised prevalence of cognitive impairment increased strongly with age, from 10% in those 50–59 years to 55% in those aged 80–89. At any given age, the prevalence of cognitive impairment was higher in women than in men. After accounting for the effects of age, sex, and district there was little difference in the prevalence of cognitive impairment between participants with or without diabetes, hypertension, overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 km/m2), or high levels of fat mass. Conclusions In this population of adults aged 50–89 years from Mexico City, the prevalence of cognitive impairment was high, particularly among women. The extent to which cognitive impairment relates to health outcomes in this population needs to be investigated.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21093-5EpidemiologyCognitive impairmentDiabetesPrevalence |
| spellingShingle | Carlos González-Carballo Pablo Kuri-Morales Erwin Chiquete Mario Rojas-Russell Rogelio Santacruz-Benitez Raúl Ramirez-Reyes Adrián Garcilazo-Ávila Jaime Berumen Eirini Trichia Louisa Gnatiuc Friedrichs Paulina Orellana Carolina Ochoa-Rosales Gary O’Donovan Jonathan R Emberson Roberto Tapia-Conyer Diego Aguilar-Ramirez Jesus Alegre-Díaz Cognitive impairment at older ages among 8000 men and women living in Mexico City: a cross-sectional analyses of a prospective study BMC Public Health Epidemiology Cognitive impairment Diabetes Prevalence |
| title | Cognitive impairment at older ages among 8000 men and women living in Mexico City: a cross-sectional analyses of a prospective study |
| title_full | Cognitive impairment at older ages among 8000 men and women living in Mexico City: a cross-sectional analyses of a prospective study |
| title_fullStr | Cognitive impairment at older ages among 8000 men and women living in Mexico City: a cross-sectional analyses of a prospective study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cognitive impairment at older ages among 8000 men and women living in Mexico City: a cross-sectional analyses of a prospective study |
| title_short | Cognitive impairment at older ages among 8000 men and women living in Mexico City: a cross-sectional analyses of a prospective study |
| title_sort | cognitive impairment at older ages among 8000 men and women living in mexico city a cross sectional analyses of a prospective study |
| topic | Epidemiology Cognitive impairment Diabetes Prevalence |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-21093-5 |
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