Prevalence of molecular markers of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from West Africa during 2012–2022
Abstract Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is a key drug recommended by the World Health Organization for the chemoprevention of malaria. However, the strategy is affected by the parasite resistance to SP. This study evaluated Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (Pfdhfr) and dihydropteroate s...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75828-w |
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| author | Ruimin Zhou Suhua Li Penghui Ji Shucheng Ruan Ying Liu Chengyun Yang Dan Qian Zhiquan He Dan Wang Deling Lu Hongwei Zhang Yan Deng |
| author_facet | Ruimin Zhou Suhua Li Penghui Ji Shucheng Ruan Ying Liu Chengyun Yang Dan Qian Zhiquan He Dan Wang Deling Lu Hongwei Zhang Yan Deng |
| author_sort | Ruimin Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is a key drug recommended by the World Health Organization for the chemoprevention of malaria. However, the strategy is affected by the parasite resistance to SP. This study evaluated Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (Pfdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (Pfdhps) genes, associated with SP resistance, from 508 P. falciparum isolates imported from West African countries to Henan Province, China, during 2012–2022. High mutant prevalence of the genes Pfdhfr (94.7%) and Pfdhps (96.8%) was observed. The mutants Pfdhfr N51I, C59R, S108N, and Pfdhps A437G were at high frequency in all countries analyzed. The overall prevalence of the mutant Pfdhps K540E was low (3.4%), but with a high frequency in Liberia (24.3%). The frequency of mutants Pfdhps I431V, A581G, and A613S was 11.7%, 9.8%, and 16.2%, respectively, all of which had the highest mutant prevalence in Nigeria. The mutant Pfdhps A581G and A613S were identified in the absence of K540E. The partially resistant haplotype (I51R59N108 - G437) was the most common (72.6%), and the fully resistant haplotype (I51R59N108 - G437E540) had a low prevalence of 3.4% and mainly occurred in Liberia. No super resistant haplotype was identified. The mutant Pfdhps I431V and the octuple mutant haplotype I51R59N108 - V431A436G437G581S613 deserve more attention. In areas of high SP resistance, the intervention still reduces low birthweight and maternal anaemia. SP should continue to be used in areas of high SP resistance until more effective alternatives for malaria chemoprevention are found. It is important to continuously monitor the molecular markers associated with SP resistance to better implement intermittent preventive treatment policies in pregnancy (IPTp) and infants (IPTi). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-587d48084d2b4488a723c15088b97dcc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| spelling | doaj-art-587d48084d2b4488a723c15088b97dcc2024-11-10T12:20:21ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-11-0114111010.1038/s41598-024-75828-wPrevalence of molecular markers of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from West Africa during 2012–2022Ruimin Zhou0Suhua Li1Penghui Ji2Shucheng Ruan3Ying Liu4Chengyun Yang5Dan Qian6Zhiquan He7Dan Wang8Deling Lu9Hongwei Zhang10Yan Deng11Department of Parasite Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Henan Provincial Medical Key Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases and Vector, Henan Province Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Parasite Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Henan Provincial Medical Key Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases and Vector, Henan Province Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Parasite Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Henan Provincial Medical Key Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases and Vector, Henan Province Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Parasite Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Henan Provincial Medical Key Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases and Vector, Henan Province Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Parasite Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Henan Provincial Medical Key Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases and Vector, Henan Province Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Parasite Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Henan Provincial Medical Key Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases and Vector, Henan Province Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Parasite Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Henan Provincial Medical Key Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases and Vector, Henan Province Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Parasite Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Henan Provincial Medical Key Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases and Vector, Henan Province Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Parasite Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Henan Provincial Medical Key Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases and Vector, Henan Province Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Parasite Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Henan Provincial Medical Key Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases and Vector, Henan Province Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Parasite Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Henan Provincial Medical Key Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases and Vector, Henan Province Center for Disease Control and PreventionDepartment of Parasite Disease Control and Prevention, Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology, Henan Provincial Medical Key Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases and Vector, Henan Province Center for Disease Control and PreventionAbstract Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is a key drug recommended by the World Health Organization for the chemoprevention of malaria. However, the strategy is affected by the parasite resistance to SP. This study evaluated Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (Pfdhfr) and dihydropteroate synthase (Pfdhps) genes, associated with SP resistance, from 508 P. falciparum isolates imported from West African countries to Henan Province, China, during 2012–2022. High mutant prevalence of the genes Pfdhfr (94.7%) and Pfdhps (96.8%) was observed. The mutants Pfdhfr N51I, C59R, S108N, and Pfdhps A437G were at high frequency in all countries analyzed. The overall prevalence of the mutant Pfdhps K540E was low (3.4%), but with a high frequency in Liberia (24.3%). The frequency of mutants Pfdhps I431V, A581G, and A613S was 11.7%, 9.8%, and 16.2%, respectively, all of which had the highest mutant prevalence in Nigeria. The mutant Pfdhps A581G and A613S were identified in the absence of K540E. The partially resistant haplotype (I51R59N108 - G437) was the most common (72.6%), and the fully resistant haplotype (I51R59N108 - G437E540) had a low prevalence of 3.4% and mainly occurred in Liberia. No super resistant haplotype was identified. The mutant Pfdhps I431V and the octuple mutant haplotype I51R59N108 - V431A436G437G581S613 deserve more attention. In areas of high SP resistance, the intervention still reduces low birthweight and maternal anaemia. SP should continue to be used in areas of high SP resistance until more effective alternatives for malaria chemoprevention are found. It is important to continuously monitor the molecular markers associated with SP resistance to better implement intermittent preventive treatment policies in pregnancy (IPTp) and infants (IPTi).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75828-w |
| spellingShingle | Ruimin Zhou Suhua Li Penghui Ji Shucheng Ruan Ying Liu Chengyun Yang Dan Qian Zhiquan He Dan Wang Deling Lu Hongwei Zhang Yan Deng Prevalence of molecular markers of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from West Africa during 2012–2022 Scientific Reports |
| title | Prevalence of molecular markers of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from West Africa during 2012–2022 |
| title_full | Prevalence of molecular markers of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from West Africa during 2012–2022 |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of molecular markers of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from West Africa during 2012–2022 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of molecular markers of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from West Africa during 2012–2022 |
| title_short | Prevalence of molecular markers of sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from West Africa during 2012–2022 |
| title_sort | prevalence of molecular markers of sulfadoxine pyrimethamine resistance in plasmodium falciparum isolates from west africa during 2012 2022 |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-75828-w |
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