Can the Pupillary Light Reflex and Pupillary Unrest Be Used as Biomarkers of Parkinson’s Disease? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Can the Pupillary Light Reflex and Pupillary Unrest Be Used as Biomarkers of Parkinson’s Disease? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> The pathological changes preceding the onset of Parkinson’s disease (PD) commence several decades before motor symptoms manifest, offering a potential window for identifying objective biomarkers for early diagnosis and disease monitoring. Among the primary n...

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Main Authors: Aleksander Dawidziuk, Emilia Butters, Daniel Josef Lindegger, Campbell Foubister, Hugo Chrost, Michal Wlodarski, John Grogan, Paulina A Rowicka, Fion Bremner, Sanjay G Manohar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Diagnostics
Subjects:
pupillary light reflex
pupillary unrest
biomarkers
Parkinson’s disease
neurodegenerative disease
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/9/1167
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