TGF-β3 promotes vascular normalization of prostate cancer to potentiate immunotherapy and chemotherapy

Abstract Background Prostate cancer (PCa) has previously been established as a cold tumor with highly complex tumor environment. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 plays pro-oncogenic roles in PCa. TGF-β3, another isoform of the TGF-β family, is reported to have different and even opposite regulato...

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Main Authors: Qiliang Teng, Niu Wang, Hanqi Lei, Tongyu Tong, Yupeng Guan, Mengjun Huang, Fei Cao, Bin Xu, Jia Yang, Yimian Huo, Wenping Chen, Ran Bi, Xuanqi Wang, Zhenyu Wang, Fu-Ying Tian, Bo Zhao, Jun Pang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Springer 2025-07-01
Series:Cancer Immunology, Immunotherapy
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00262-025-04103-2
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